1. Injuries to the skeletal system

2. fracture A PARTIAL OR COMPLETE BREAK IN THE BONE
CAUSED FROM: DIRECT IMPACT, COMPRESSION, TORSION, OR REPEATED STRESSFUL MOVEMENTS
SIGNS:
PAIN AT INJURY SITE
EDEMA
BRUISING
CREPITUS
IMMOBILITY
PALE OR COLD SKIN DUE TO IMPARIED CIRCULATION
BE ALERT FOR POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO TISSUE SURROUNDING THE AREA OF THE FRACTURE; IT IS VITAL NOT TO MAKE THE INJURY WORSE BY IMPAIRING CIRCULATION OR CAUSING NERVE DAMAGE

3. OPEN AND CLOSED FRACTURES
FRACTURES WILL BE OPEN OR CLOSED
A CLOSED FRACTURE DOES NOT BREAK THE SKIN
IN AN OPEN FRACTURE THE BONE BREAKS THE SKIN, LEAVING AN OPEN WOUND (LACERATION)

4. Types of fractures

5. Avulsion fracture
AVULSION FRACTURE: A FRAGMENT OF THE BONE IS PULLED AWAY AT THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF A TENDON, LIGAMENT, OR MUSCLE

6. Stress fracture
Repeated stress over time; it is the wear and tear of bones of body parts that have great demands on them
Tibia-fibula in marathon runners
A bone scan is needed to diagnose a stress fracture because it is so small that it may not show on a regular x ray until healing and calcification has begun

7. An incomplete break in the long bone shaft; bone may be partially bent
Greenstick fracture
An incomplete break in the long bone shaft; bone may be partially bent

8. Impact fracture
One bone fracture becomes embedded into the interior of another bone fragment
Most common in contact sports

9. Longitudinal fracture
When the bone splits lengthwise
Caused by a hard landing after a jump
Also called a fissure fracture

10. Oblique fracture
A diagonal break when one end of a bone receives torsion force and the other remains fixed

11. Transverse fracture A break across the bone shaft at a right angle
Caused by a direct blow
Usually seen in contact sports

12. A break that has “S” shape Caused from twisting
Spiral fracture
A break that has “S” shape
Caused from twisting

13. Comminuted fracture Three or more fragments at a fracture site
Usually seen in contact sports

14. Compound fracture
A fracture where the bone breaks and pierces through the skin
Must be surgically repaired
Has a high probability of infection

15. Blow out fracture A break in the floor of the orbital socket
Caused from a direct blow to the eye

16. Salter-harris fracture
A fracture across the epiphyseal line (growth plate)

17. treatment If the fracture is open, control the bleeding
Immobilize, apply the splint so that it extends above and below the fracture
Hold the splint in place with a wrap
P.R.I.C.E
Monitor vital signs
Monitor blood circulation below injured area by checking pulse below fracture area
Check the color and temperature of the skin, if it is cool or pain it means that there is a lack of circulation