1. Ch. 20 - Biotechnology “Trial of the Century”:1994 Murder Case:
Nicole Brown Simpson
Blood Trail (1:40…)
DNA Fingerprinting Animation

2. O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95
Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s:
6.5 billion to 1
Odds of blood on socks in bedroom not being N. Brown-Simpson’s:
8.5 billion to 1
Odds of blood on glove not being from R. Goldman, N. Brown-Simpson, and O.J. Simpson:
21.5 billion to 1
Number of people on planet earth:
7 billion
Odds of being struck by lightning in the U.S.:
2.8 million to 1
Odds of seeing 3 albino deer at the same time:
85 million to 1
DID HE DO IT??

3. DNA Analysis
Gel electrophoresis: separates nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of size or electrical charge creating DNA bands of the same length
Electrophoresis lab: DNA size vs. migration of DNA fragment tutorial

4. DNA Profiling
VNTR & STR (“stutters”) – Variable Nucleotide Tandem Repeats Short Tandem Repeats.
PCR – uses thermo-cycler & Taq polymerase to amplify amounts of DNA
RFLPs - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms, generated from differences in VNTR’s & STR’s.
Southern blotting: process that reveals sequences and the RFLPs in a DNA sequence. Animation

5. FBI & Combined DNA Index System

6. VOCAB
Recombinant DNA: DNA in which genes from 2 different sources are combined
Genetic engineering: direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
Biotechnology: manipulation of organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products

7. Restriction Map of Lambda DNA

8. DNA Cloning
Restriction enzymes (endonucleases): in nature, these enzymes protect bacteria from intruding DNA; they cut up the DNA (restriction); very specific
Restriction site: recognition sequence for a particular restriction enzyme
Restriction fragments: segments of DNA cut by restriction enzymes in a reproducable way
Sticky end: short extensions of restriction fragments
DNA ligase: enzyme that can join the sticky ends of DNA fragments
Cloning vector: DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a cell and replicate there (usually bacterial plasmids)

9. Reproductive Cloning
Therapeutic cloning treats disease via “replacement cells”, tissues
Reproductive cloning copies entire animal
Uses? Ethics?
Activity: What is Cloning?

10. Stem Cells
Embryonic stem cells (PS or iPS)
vs. adult stem cells

11. Can stem cells mend a broken heart?
Unlocking Potential of Stem Cells

12. Practical Use of DNA Technology
MEDICAL
Diagnosis, treatment, prevention of genetic & infectious diseases
Human gene therapy: Cystic Fibrosis Trials
Abnormal allele
Pharmaceuticals: proteins as drugs via gen engineered cells or ‘pharm’ animals (goats that make antithrombin)
DNA Microarrays (gene chips) that monitor gene expression
Forensics & Genetic Profiling
DNA fingerprinting to exclude/identify criminal suspects, paternity
Environment – oil cleanup via bacteria
Agriculture & GM foods
“Frankenfood” - Ethics Activity
DNA microarray animation
Microarray Virtual Lab

13. Plasmids, gene cloning, applications
Animation

14. Transformation Lab: Engineering antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Use plasmid as vector & E. coli colony in log phase growth
CaCl2 + heat shock to induce plasmid uptake by bacteria (make cells “competent”)
Grow on antibiotic medium to select for transformed cells