1. Diseases of Cattle

2. Collection of gas in the rumen that the animal is unable to expel
Bloat
Collection of gas in the rumen that the animal is unable to expel
CAUSE:
Pasture bloat usually occurs in animals grazing lush legumes pasture.
SYMPTOMS:
include Swollen abdomen on the left side, labored breathing, profuse salivation, groaning, lack of appetite, & stiffness.
PREVENTION/TREATMENT:
To prevent maintain pastures composed of 50% or more grass. Use a trocar to treat.
Most of the gases are eliminated by belching.  Gases that are trapped may form a foam or froth in the rumen which further prevents their elimination.
Bloat is a complex, metabolic disorder that develops when gas production in the rumen exceeds the animal’s ability to remove gas by eructation (belching). Because natural rates of gas formation in the rumen are very high, this imbalance can occur very rapidly. In both pasture and feedlot bloat, eructation is commonly inhibited by frothy or foamy rumen contents where much of the gas remains trapped and forms very small bubbles. These bubbles expand the rumen contents and interfere with nerves that control the opening into the esophagus. Approximately 10% of bloat cases are caused by “free gas” bloat in which gas production simply exceeds eructation. When lush, young forage materials (pasture bloat) or finely processed grain are ingested, microbes attack the cellulose and soluble carbohydrate immediately. Initial rate of energy release is very high. This rapid availability of feed energy stimulates a burst of microbial activity that generates large amounts of gas. Gas is then trapped in rumen fluids to produce foam. Trapped gases elevate rumen contents, fill the rumen cavity and interfere with esophageal functions. When viewed from the rear, animals will appear very full or puffed up on the left (rumen) side. As bloat progresses, both sides of the animal become distended and breathing becomes labored. Ultimately, death can occur.

4. BVD (Bovine Viral Diarrhea)
CAUSE:
Virus
SYMPTOMS:
Diarrhea, pneumonia, abortions, calf deformities, and damage to the digestive and immune systems,
PREVENTION:
Vaccination

6. Brucellosis CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: PREVENTION: Caused by microorganisms
Abortion during the last ½ of pregnancy, Retaining of afterbirth (placenta), Sterility in cows and bulls, Reduced milk flow, Enlarged testicles, Weak calves (if born from infected cows)
PREVENTION:
Testing and culling
Brucellosis infection of cattle causes abortion or premature calving of recently infected animals, most often between the fifth and eight month of pregnancy. 
Infected cows frequently suffer from retained afterbirth, are difficult to get rebred and sometimes become sterile.   
Brucellosis is spread from the vaginal discharge of an infected cow or from an aborted fetus. 
The organism has an affinity for the reproductive tract and abortions, retained placenta, weak calves and infertility frequently occur.  
Breeding bulls which are infected, can transmit the disease by infected semen.  
Milk produced front an infected cow may also harbor the organism. 
There is no treatment for Brucellosis.
Prevention of Brucellosis is accomplished by official calfhood vaccination of heifer calves. 

8. Displaced Abomasum CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: TREATMENT:
Repositioned abomasum from right ventral side of abdominal cavity. Twisting from repositioning slows or stops flow of digestion. Gas buildup leads to bloat appearance. “Pinging” detected with stethoscope by thumping the cow near last rib and listening on left flank
SYMPTOMS:
Dramatically decreased feed intake, drastic drop in milk production, and pain (back arched)
TREATMENT:
Reposition abomasum and sew into place

9. Dr. Pol Displaced Abomasum

10. Grass Tetany CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: PREVENTION: TREATMENT:
Occurs when cattle are grazing succulent, immature grass
SYMPTOMS:
Typical signs of grass tetany begin with an uncoordinated gait and terminate with convulsions, coma, and death, Evidence of thrashing will usually be apparent around the cow if grass tetany is the cause of death.
PREVENTION:
Oral sources of magnesium 
TREATMENT:
Veterinary administration of an intravenous calcium and magnesium solution

12. IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis)
CAUSE:
Virus
  SYMPTOMS:
Infection usually occurs in the air passages of the head and the wind pipe, inflammation of the vulva and vagina, and abortion
PREVENTION:
Vaccination

14. Ketosis CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: TREATMENT:
Metabolic disorder that occurs in cattle when energy demands (e.g. high milk production) exceed energy intake and result in a negative energy balance. Ketotic cows often have low blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations.
SYMPTOMS:
No appetence, signs of nervous dysfunction, including pica, abnormal licking, incoordination and abnormal gait, bellowing, and aggression
TREATMENT:
Quick-acting glucose supplement 

15. Ketosis

16. Leptospirosis CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: PREVENTION: TREATMENT:
Caused by a bacterium found in the blood, urine & milk of infected animals
SYMPTOMS:
Causes abortion & sterility. Symptoms are blood- tinged milk & urine.
PREVENTION:
Vaccination
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics

18. Mastitis CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: PREVENTION: TREATMENT:
Inflammation of the mammary gland
SYMPTOMS:
Visible inflammation in udder (swelling, heat, pain, redness), abnormal milk
PREVENTION:
Clean housing and equipment,, Using antiseptic teat dips, Wash teat before milking
TREATMENT:
Antibiotics
Caused by:
 Infectious mastitis  Invasion of bacteria into gland  Clinical or sub-clinical  Many more subclinical cases than clinical  Non infectious mastitis 27 -  Due to injury, chilling, bruising, improper milking
no milk can be supplied to the creamery if there are antibiotics in it.

20. Milk Fever CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: TREATMENT:
Metabolic disease caused by a low blood calcium level (hypocalcaemia)
SYMPTOMS:
Initial excitement or agitation and a tremor in muscles of the head and limbs. Then they stagger and go down to a "sitting" position, often with a 'kink' in her neck, and finally lie flat on their side before circulatory collapse, coma and death.
TREATMENT:
Calcium solution should be given

21. Milk Fever

22. Retained Placenta CAUSE: SYMPTOMS: PREVENTION/TREATMENT:
Commonly associated with dystocia, milk fever (metabolic diseases) and twin births
SYMPTOMS:
Degenerating, discolored, ultimately rotting membranes hanging from the vulva
PREVENTION/TREATMENT:
Observe the cow closely for signs of illness and treat any symptoms that occur

24. Other cattle diseases
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy- Mad Cow Disease
Calf Scours
Ringworm
Hardware Disease