1. Quick Write
What is a revolution? List four historical examples of revolutions.

2. Unit 2

3. The Age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment- 2 Types
religious or spiritual enlightenment
intellectual enlightenment.

4. The eighteenth century is the Age of Enlightenment
The eighteenth century is the Age of Enlightenment.  The Enlightenment popularizes the ideas developed during the Age of Reason.  The Enlightenment is basically the view or belief that modern science and our understanding of the social world derived from modern science can help us to improve the living conditions on this planet.  War, poverty, and injustice are not God-given punishments for our sinfulness but bad management.  Oppressive governments can be reformed or overthrown.  Social inequality can be alleviated and, maybe, overcome.  Disease is not to be accepted stoically but to be fought with new medicines.  Poverty can be reduced through the productivity of new inventions and technologies.  Ignorance can be overcome through universal public education.  Human societies are perfectible if only we have the will and use our scientific knowledge to plan and socially engineer for a better future.  There is no limit to what human reason and ingenuity can achieve.

5. Enlightenment Philosophers

6. Thomas Hobbes
Without government life would be, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
Wrote Leviathan
People Naturally Wicked
Needed to give up rights to government
Gain Protection in Return
Idea of Social Contract

7. Baron de Montesquieu Separation of Powers
Inspired by English separation of powers
Idea to Prevent tyranny
Became Checks and Balances in America
( )

8. Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 “Majority Rule”
1762 Wrote The Social Contract
The people have the right to determine how they should be governed.
Individual should be subordinate to the community.

9. John Locke Rejected Absolute Monarchy Where have you seen this before?
Rejected Absolute Monarchy
Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property
Where have you seen this before?
Derive its power from the people it governed

10. Voltaire (1694–1778) promoted Opposed religious persecution
freedom of thought
Speech
religion.
Opposed religious persecution

11. Think Pair Share
If we had an established religion in the United States, how would that impact our laws?
Gay Marriage
Abortion
Should we have an official religion? Why or why not? Give supporting details
Would an official religion make life easier?

12. Interpret these quotes: think pair share
The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule. Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Civil Government
The tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not so dangerous to the public welfare as the apathy of a citizen in a democracy.
Baron de Montesquieu ( )

13. Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
They that are discontented under monarchy call it tyranny, and they that are displeased with aristocracy call it oligarchy; so also, they which find themselves grieved under a democracy call it anarchy. - Thomas Hobbes.

14. Influenced a number of Documents
Declaration of Independence, July 1776
The U.S. Constitution
The French Revolution and The Declaration of Rights of Man
The Haitian Independence Movement in 1791
Latin American Wars for Independence in Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru during the Early 1800s

15. Colonies

16. Lego’s of America Background Info:
England is a “superpower” with the strongest Navy and control of all ocean trade,
Mercantilism: A system where the mother country (England) establishes colonies (13 colonies) to use as a trading partner. This way the mother country can increase wealth by having a favorable balance of trade (Exports>Imports)
Example: England establishes a colonies in the America so it can have plenty of cotton to make textiles with in its factories. This way it doesn’t have to import the cotton from another country. Saves $$

17. Triangular Trade

18. New England Colonies Who came and why: Climate/Geography: Economy:
1620: Pilgrims come over on the Mayflower to found their new church and practice religion freely
1630: Puritans take over pilgrims. Both groups wanted to escape the Church of England.
Puritans are so strict they establish a theocracy in Massachusetts, forcing other colonists to leave also in search of religious freedom and tolerance.
Climate/Geography:
N.E. is cold and the soil is bad for farming.
Small pieces of land given to single families
Economy:
Indentured servants are brought over to work.
Manufacturing and trading centers (wealthy and busy harbors like Boston)
Shipbuilding

20. Boston Harbor: then & now

21. Middle Colonies Who came and why: Climate/Geography: Economy:
1650: Catholics settle in Maryland to practice religion freely—they weren’t allowed in MA.
1682: Quakers come to Pennsylvania for religious tolerance.
Climate/Geography:
Soil good for farming wheat, barley & rye
Economy:
Cottage industries: weaving, shoemaking furniture
“Bread basket colonies”

22. Southern Colonies Who came and why: Climate/Geography: Economy:
1607 Jamestown, Virginia. Founded by British men hoping to gain land and make $$.
Southern colonies were founded by men looking to increase
their wealth through agriculturethey are called “Proprietors”
Climate/Geography:
Fertile Soil, great for Cash Crops (cotton & tobacco)
Economy:
Plantation System (wealthy families who owned huge pieces of land and slaves)
Depended on Slaves to work the plantation
Produced the crops/raw materials for the Triangular Trade.

23. Jamestown, Virginia

25. Use indentured servants
New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT
Middle Colonies:
NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE
Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC
Climate/ geography
-bad soil
Cold
Lived close together
-good soil
fertile soil
Good temps
Long growing season
Economy
Shipbuilding
Use indentured servants
Manufacturing
Trade
Cottage industries
Bread basket
-plantation system
Cash crops
Slave labor
Why colonies started
Religious Freedom
-religious freedom
- farming
Came to make $ through agriculture
New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT
Middle Colonies:
NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE
Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC
Climate/ geography
-bad soil
Cold
Lived close together
-good soil
fertile soil
Good temps
Long growing season
Economy
Shipbuilding
Use indentured servants
Manufacturing
Trade
Cottage industries
Bread basket
-plantation system
Cash crops
Slave labor
Why colonies started
Religious Freedom
-religious freedom
- farming
Came to make $ through agriculture

26. Pre-Founding Documents

27. The Magna Carta King John 1215

28. Magna Carta Signed in June 1215
Barons of Medieval England and King John .
Limited King’s Power
1st limited government

29. House of Burgesses 1619 first representative assembly in New World
Jamestown
1st Self Governance in New World

30. In 1620 the Pilgrims arrived. Plymouth, Massachusetts
Established direct democracy
Town Meetings
our concept for local government.
1st Written Government in new world

31. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1639 First written Constitution
Pilgrims were being persecuted for their religious beliefs. So they moved from Massachusetts to Connecticut
Foundations of democracy in America.

32. Maryland Toleration Act 1649
Maryland Founded by Catholics
Protestants start to outnumber Catholics
Religious Freedom

33. Zenger Case The New York Weekly Journal critical of the Governor of NY
Zenger the Editor Arrested for Libel
Jury ruled in Zenger’s Favor
Establishment of Freedom of Press

34. Lead-up to Revolution

35. Salutary Neglect Neglect Britain lets the Colonies govern themselves
Distance leads to self governance
Salutary or healthy neglect
Britain lets the Colonies govern themselves
Separate Identity

36. This ended after the French and Indian War
Taxes
French-Indian War ( )
Increase in taxes to pay for war
Stamp Act 1765
Taxes on newspapers and legal docs
Quartering Act
House and supply British Garrison
Restricting Civil Rights

37. Theoretical Representation vs. Actual Representation
Parliament represents all British Citizens you are British Citizens so you are Represented
Actual Representation
Sending an elected representative to Parliament
“No taxation without representation!”
“GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!”

38. The Colonists Rebel Civil Disobedience First Continental Congress
Boston Tea Party
First Continental Congress
Demand Rights Be Restored
Battles between British and Colonists in Mass
Lexington and Concord
Second Continental Congress
Manage the Growing War

39. Declaration of Independence

40. Is this actually how the signing of the Declaration of Independence actually happened?

41. Break Up Letter
Role: You are a colonist
Audience: King George (king of England)
Format: Break-up letter
Topic: using the causes of the Revolution you just learned about tell King George why your relationship isn’t working out.
· Give at least 3 reasons
· Explain why those reasons are leading you to make this decision
· You may use some slang but keep it school appropriate.
· Letter should demonstrate that you understand why the colonist declared independence from Great

42. Join or Die

43. Articles of Confederation
The first government of the United States
Started in1776 with the Continental Congress
Approved in 1781.

44. Weak on purpose Americans afraid of strong national gov. (why?)
National Government could not collect taxes
National Government could wage war (could they pay for it?)
The government could also issue money, but the states didn’t have to use it. They had their own.

45. The Northwest Ordinance
Gov could divide land won
Most land belonged to Indians
When 60,000 people lived in a territory, they could apply to become a state.
Slavery outlawed
runaway slaves were to be returned to their lawful “owners.”
Freedom of religion and trial by jury were guaranteed.

47. Weaknesses of the Articles
Money worthless/ No taxes
Debt = owing money
The biggest problem was that the soldiers who had fought the war, had not been paid, and they were mad.

48. You are going to be looking at a picture in a few seconds
You are going to be looking at a picture in a few seconds? See if you can figure out what is going on in the picture. Look at the picture closely.
Describe the people, objects, where the event is happening, and what is happening. (Who, what, where, and objects)

50. Shays’ Rebellion The American Revolution ended in 1783
The money paid to the soldiers who had fought in the Revolution was worthless.
Fed. Gov could not raise taxes
Farmers unable to pay debts.

51. Shays’ Rebellion
Farmers taken to court, then into jail, and their land was taken away from them.
Most farmers were soldiers of the Revolution
In 1786, an armed revolt by farmers against state government
Led by Daniel Shays,
farmers forcibly prevented courts from meeting
Couldn’t take anymore land
1787 Governor sent Troops against the rebels
Rebels Defeated

52. Results of Shays’ Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion showed the leaders of America that the Articles of Confederation were too weak, and a stronger national government was needed.