1. A New South and a New Georgia
The South and Georgia Move from agriculture to industry
Several factors cause tremendous growth

2. Robber Barons and Monopolies
Monopoly – complete control of a business area
Robber Barons – wealthy owners of monopolies.
Labor unions - formed by workers to bargain with companies.

3. Problems of Industrialization
Workers were mistreated.
Laissez-faire – “leave it alone” – government would not interfere with business.
Sherman Anti-trust Act government outlawed monopolies

4. Modernization Electricity
Thomas Edison finds ways to distribute electricity
Electric Streetcars expand cities
New inventions and methods improve life

5. Urbanization Immigration Rapid growth 1865-1900
Immigrants – people from other countries
few in South
Little Italy, Greektown
Suburbs
City growth creates problems
People with money move to suburbs

6. 2 – New South Movement 1877 – 1910 – South focuses on rebuilding
New South diversified by expanding industry, fewer cash crops, more food crops
Northern banks invest in South

7. Advocates …. Henry W. Grady – Atlanta editor popularizes “New South”
John B. Gordon, Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt – politicians who support economic change with whites at top (known as Bourbon Triumvirate)

8. …. and Critics Some want to stay rural
Lost Cause – belief by some that the Old South is not gone
Many Confederate veterans, Southerners want nothing to do with North
eventually see benefit of diversification to economy

9. Business and Industry
New cotton textile mills open in South, 1880s – 1920s. Paid very little.
Jobs attract white farmers
Lintheads – workers with lint in hair and clothes. Sometimes looked down upon.
Timber, tobacco, steel, coal, oil major Southern industries by 1900

10. Southern Agriculture
New South supporters hope small farms will replace plantations
Sharecropping system prevents change
workers remain poor

11. Growth Factors Railroads Labor unions unsuccessful in South
South rebuilds rails after Civil War—40,000 miles of track by 1890
Labor unions unsuccessful in South
Laws pass allowing landowners to “lease” convicts for labor -Convict Lease System

12. Market Towns
15% of Southerners live in urban areas by 1900, up from 7% in 1860
Market towns appear when an area’s economy starts to grow (trade center)
Boosters promote town growth

13. Chapter Quiz
If a company has complete control of an industry, they have a _________.
Laissez-faire is an attitude that means __________.
People with money moved to the __________ to escape unpleasant conditions in the cities.
John Gordon, Joseph Brown, and Alfred Colquitt were major politicians promoting economic change and were known by this nickname.
Henry W. Grady – Atlanta editor popularizes the term “_________”.
Mill workers were called __________ and looked down up on.
The practice of leasing prisoners to landowners for workers was called __________________.
Farmers would travel to the towns which were trade centers also known as____________.
________ are people from other countries who moved here looking for jobs.
_________ were people who promoted a town’s growth.

14. 3 – Urban and Rural Worlds of Georgia
Cotton and Other Cash Crops
70% of farmers grow cotton as main crop
Tobacco grown, but takes a lot of work
Corn #2 cash crop
Food Crops
Cotton prices fall
Peaches become successful
Dairy successful for middle and south Georgia

15. Life on the Farm Most Georgia farmers sharecroppers or tenant farmers
Crop-liens – laws that gave merchants and landowners rights to tenants crops.
Small farm owners could not afford fertilizers to enrich soils.
Farm owners usually white – black farmers usually sharecroppers or tenant farmers.

16. Georgia Towns and Cities
Atlanta
rebuilding by end of 1865
Capital by 1867
In 1910, population 155,000
Savannah
Little war damage
Naval supplies become important exports
In 1900, population 55,000
Macon
Central Railroad reopens in 1866
Prosperous industrial city by 1900

17. Georgia Business and Industry
Large and Small Industries
15 large industries by 1900
Smaller industries grow to become major companies
Dalton called “Carpet Capital of the World”
Cotton States Exposition
Showcases southern businesses, modern equipment
Opens in Atlanta; 800,000 attend over three month period
Shows South equal player in national economy

18. African Americans in Georgia’s Cities
create own neighborhoods
15 percent live in cities by 1890s
Poor whites slowly take jobs from skilled African-American workers
Whites will not work or provide services for blacks
African-American businesses open to fill need
Alonso P. Herndon owner of the Crystal Palace Barber Shop and founder of the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association

19. Check Your Knowledge
What are the number one and two crops being grown in the South in the early 1900’s?
Laws that gave merchants and landowners rights to tenants crops are known as ______.
Where was the capital of Georgia in 1867?
Most farmers in Georgia where either ____ or ______ in the early 1900’s.
Dalton, GA is known as the _______.
The ______ showcased southern businesses, modern equipment in Atlanta in 1900.
________ was the owner of the Crystal palace and the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association in the early 1900’s.