Week 24 Unit III: Wrapping up “The Road to World War II”

Week 24 Unit III: Wrapping up “The Road to World War II”
February 13-15, 2017

Why are we here this week?
Students will complete the Ch. 34 History Alive! activity (dictator notes, action-reaction notes & PowerPoint visuals, plus “Dictator for a Day” contest). Students will review the Flow of History #135 and document-based questions (DBQ). Could WW II have been prevented?

2/13: What do you like to talk about?
Homework: STUDY for QUIZ on the “Origins of WW II: Review Ch. 16 “ttt,” HA Ch. 34 dictator & action-reaction notes, FC 135 2/13: What do you like to talk about? Monday, February 13, 2017 I. Road to WWII WORK inspection DBQ FC #135 = 15 pts Ch. 34 notes = 20 pts WW II index card? Origins of WW II: dictator & “actionreaction” NOTES Was WW II preventable? Index card argumentative writing “debate”

Dictator Day: 2/15/17 DICTATOR?
WHAT you would like to do for an upcoming class period and HOW you would like to “lead” class. ALL: “followers” are likely to have a large role in the EXPERIENTIAL simulation, especially “dictator day.” EVERYONE will (hopefully) continue the “rise to power,” although some (many?) are likely to “fall.”

Due Monday! If you snapped the “shots” of two “actions” or events in this time period, what would they “show” about the likelihood of war? (yes or no?) If you got the “scoop” on two “actions” or events in the mid-to-late 1930s, what would your editorial say? (yes or no?)

Prepare your WRITTEN argument… you are going to “battle!”
Select two specific “actions” and WRITE a catchy title to your CLAIM, or thesis, in response to this QUESTION: Was World War II preventable? “SHOW” that war is coming OR that it can be stopped!

and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, first Baron Acton (1834–1902). The historian and moralist, who was otherwise known simply as Lord Acton, expressed this opinion in a letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton in 1887. Lord Acton “Great men are almost always bad men."

The Road to World War II (FC 135)
Read the "Road to World War II" flowchart and summary (on line) to find answers to the following “questions:” Identify and explain the three main causes of the Second World War 2) Evaluate Paragraph 4, last sentence: "Just as the lesson of 1914 was that too much aggression can lead to war, the lesson of 1939 would be that war can just as easily result from appeasement and giving in to aggression." Do you agree or disagree? Support you evaluation with examples & details. 3) List & explain specific steps in the "cycle of aggression and the road to war in the 1930s." Explain how Hitler and Nazi Germany, Mussolini and fascist Italy, and how Stalin and the communists in USSR operated in ways that led to World War II. “The Depression and the Far East ( ): *How did Japan’s actions affect the thinking & decisions of Hitler, Mussolini, & Stalin? Students may refer to The Americans, Ch. 16 p. 526 and/or History Alive!, Ch. 34 p. 535 for additional info. GENERATE thoughtful “what if” questions in the space below & be prepared to share & discuss possible answers.

Flowchart 135: The Road to World War II
CLICK and open the “essay” explaining the flow chart (to the left) Could World War II have been prevented? Why or why not?

Flowchart 135: The Road to World War II
France, Britain and the Treaty of Versailles Along with leading to the rise of the Nazis, the Treaty of Versailles had quite different results on France's and Britain's relations with Germany and each other. Since they shared a long land border with Germany and had suffered a great deal in the war, the French were much more nervous about a resurgent Germany and wanted to keep its power limited. Unfortunately, dictators such as Hitler thrived on such weakness. Just as the lesson of 1914 was that too much aggression can lead to war, the lesson of 1939 would be that war can just as easily result from appeasement and giving in to aggression. The Depression and the Far East ( ) The Depression also had unsettling effects outside of Germany. h the United States. When the United States threatened economic sanctions against the Japanese if they did not pull back, Japan launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands (12/7/1941). From the American perspective, this was the beginning of the Second World War in the Pacific, although the Chinese and others saw it as starting in 1937 with the Japanese invasion of China. Either way, the war in Asia was on. Ironically, Japan's decision to turn south rather than north may have saved the allied cause in World War II. If Hitler had kept his Japanese allies informed on his intentions to attack Russia in 1941, they could have tied down enough Soviet forces in the Far East to deny Stalin vital reinforcements that would be a significant factor in the ultimate Russian victory against Germany. And, of course, a German victory against Russia would have seriously altered the course of World War II and subsequent history. The Russian Revolution and Soviet Union That leaves Russia, the other big power that should have been opposed to the Fascists. Flowchart 135: The Road to World War II By far, the most destructive aftershock of World War I was World War II, coming a mere 20 years after the Treaty of Versailles. While the rise of the Nazis in Germany in the 1930's generally took center stage, events elsewhere, some of them as far away as East Asia, also contributed to the outbreak of war. Three main factors, all resulting from World War I, would lead to war: the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, and the Russian Revolution.

1) Identify and explain the three main causes of the 2nd World War, as explained in the flowchart & readings. Failed Treaty of Versailles Great Depression Russian Revolution

2) Evaluate Paragraph 4, last sentence:
"Just as the lesson of 1914 was that too much aggression can lead to war, the lesson of 1939 would be that war can just as easily result from appeasement and giving in to aggression." Do you agree or disagree? Support you evaluation with examples & details! Weak response by the League of Nations to Japanese aggression in Manchuria (China) encouraged dictators like Hitler (Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland) and Mussolini (Ethiopia) to display power and expand territory. Democratic nations like Great Britain, France, and the US did NOT act decisively stop aggression…appeasement failed!

3) List & explain specific steps in the "cycle of aggression”
3) List & explain specific steps in the "cycle of aggression” and the road to war in the 1930s. Explain how Hitler and Nazi Germany, Mussolini and fascist Italy, and how Stalin and the communists in USSR operated in ways that led to World War II. “The Depression and the Far East ( ): *How did Japan’s actions affect the thinking & decisions of Hitler, Mussolini, & Stalin?

The cycle of aggression and the road to war in the 1930's
As a result, the weakening of the old alliance triggered a vicious cycle of encouraging Fascist aggression which the Western democracies failed to react to, thus causing more aggression, and so on. This pattern was sadly played out several times in the 1930's before the West finally took its stand. It started in 1935 when Hitler announced that Germany was going to rearm itself in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. (Actually he had been secretly expanding German forces since 1933.) We have already seen how Hitler announced Germany's rearmament in Since he justified this with the principle of national self-determination, Britain and France did nothing to stop him. This merely encouraged more aggressive actions. Consequently, in 1935, Mussolini sent Italian forces into Ethiopia, using only the weakest of excuses to cover this blatant act of aggression. When the League of Nations threatened economic sanctions against Italy, Mussolini said a boycott on oil (which would have crippled his war machine) would mean war with the League's members. The League, without any real force to back it up, fell for this bluff. Britain wanted to stand up to Mussolini. However, France, still angry about Britain's naval pact with Germany and hoping to stay on good terms with Italy as a counterweight to growing German influence in Austria, refused to support Britain. As a result, Ethiopia fell as the world just stood by and watched. Therefore, in 1936 Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles again by moving German forces back into the Rhineland, the demilitarized part of Germany. This especially agitated France, who wanted British backing but received none. Since German rearmament was just starting, the German generals leading the troops into the Rhineland were under secret orders to turn back if they met any French resistance. They met no such resistance. Once again, Hitler got his way. The aggression continued when the dictators, including Stalin got the opportunity to intervene in the Spanish Civil War. In 1931, unrest had led to the overthrow of the corrupt monarchy still ruling Spain. At first, a fairly liberal and democratic government took power. But, without a strong middle class and economy, riots and turmoil resurfaced. In 1936, the Fascist Phalangists, led by General Franco, seized power and started the Spanish Civil War. Any civil war is a terrible thing, but Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union chose to intervene and make the war in Spain much worse. Hitler and Mussolini backed the Fascists, known as the Nationalists. Stalin threw his support behind the Republicans, also known as Loyalists, who had many socialists and communists in their ranks. The result was a disaster for Spain, as terrorists from both sides murdered civilians and leaders from the opposition, and the German air force practiced the new tactics of aerial bombardment on Spanish towns

The cycle of aggression and the road to war in the 1930's
The most famous of these atrocities, immortalized by the Spanish painter, Picasso, was the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica, where over one-third of its population of 7000 were killed or maimed just because they were in the way. While that was a mere fraction of the millions that would die from aerial raids in the Second World War, it shocked the world since it was documented on film and also because it symbolized a sinister new turn in modern warfare. In the end, the Fascists won again as the Western democracies just watched from the sidelines. The question was: how much further could Fascist aggression go unchallenged? Hitler seemed determined to find out. Hitler, further encouraged in his contempt for the Western democracies, next moved on to an even bolder objective: the Anschluss (unification) of Austria with Germany. Hitler, himself being of Austrian birth, claimed the Austrians were Germans whose drive to achieve national self-determination was being stifled by being kept separate from the rest of Germany. Whether right or wrong, this logic helped paralyze France and Britain into inaction once again. Therefore, Austria became part of Germany in 1938 whether the Austrians liked it or not. The next target of Nazi aggression was the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia with a large German population along with much of the country's industry and defensive fortifications. Raising the cry of national self-determination once again, Hitler threatened war with anyone who got in his way. A conference between Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met at Munich where the Fascist dictators bullied and persuaded France and Britain to agree to the Nazi takeover of the Sudetenland. Convinced, or at least wanting to believe, that this was all Hitler wanted and that he also wanted peace, they gave in to him once more, without even consulting their Czech allies. They figured this was all Hitler wanted. In March 1939, Hitler swallowed up the rest of Czechoslovakia without French or British resistance. This had two effects. For one thing, France and Britain were now finally convinced that Hitler would not stop on his own and were determined to stand up to him the next move he made. Unfortunately, at the same time, Stalin was convinced that France and Britain would do nothing to stop any further Nazi aggression in Eastern Europe. Therefore, he signed a pact with Hitler (August, 1939) that would carve up Poland between them. On September 1, 1939, believing Britain and France would do nothing to stop him, Hitler invaded Poland. Two days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany. A mere twenty years after the end of the First World War, the Second World War had begun.

The Depression and the Far East (1931-41)
The Depression also had unsettling effects outside of Germany. Among other things, it seriously hurt Japan, whose economy depended heavily upon trade to pay for resources and food for its burgeoning population. As tariffs went up and the Depression deepened, Japan grew desperate for resources. This desperation led to a military takeover of the government, somewhat reminiscent of the Fascist dictators in Europe. In 1931, the Japanese seized Manchuria from China on the flimsy pretext of setting up the "independent" state of Manchukuo under Japanese "protection." China protested to the League of Nations, but the League had no power of its own to act against aggression, especially if that aggression were half a planet away. Therefore, Japan kept Manchuria and a foothold in China. Even before this, China was already deeply mired in its own problems. European and Japanese aggression in the late 1800's had helped lead to turmoil in Chinese society and government. In 1912, a revolution replaced the last Chinese emperor with a republic under the western educated Sun Yat Sen. However, China's experiment in democracy floundered, and, after Sun Yat Sen's death, Chinese politics disintegrated into a three-way struggle for power between the Nationalist government's leader, Chiang Kai-shek, various independent warlords in the countryside, and the Communists led by Mao Zedong. The Japanese seizure of Manchuria presented the Chinese government with a dilemma: fight Japan right away or crush the Communists and warlords first and then face the Japanese with a united front. Chiang Kai Shek, being strongly anti-Communist, decided to unify China first. For several years he waged intensive warfare against the Communists whom he badly damaged, but failed to destroy. However, Chiang's generals, anxious to turn against Japan, forced him to ally with Mao against the common enemy. Japan, fearing a united China, told the Nationalists to join it against the Communists or it would take "all the steps necessary to assure peace." In July 1937, it "assured" that peace by invading China. The Chinese army was no match for the more mechanized Japanese forces, which relentlessly and brutally swept across the eastern seaboard of China. Cities were bombed and strafed mercilessly, while their populations were massacred with uncontrolled ferocity. Reeling from these losses, the Chinese switched to a strategy of trading space for time by retreating into the vast interior of China. This drew the advancing Japanese forces further and further inland and stretched their lines to the limit. The war now settled down to a costly stalemate that burnt, bled, and bent China, but could not break it.

The Depression and the Far East (1931-41)
As a result, the Japanese decided to look elsewhere for easier conquests. In 1939, they briefly turned north against the Soviet Union. However, defeat at the hands of Soviet forces in a short but sharply fought conflict plus a surprise pact by Japan's ally, Hitler, with Stalin to carve up Poland, convinced Japan to go elsewhere. Therefore, it turned to easier and more lucrative conquests in South East Asia. This involved attacking the colonies of France, Britain, and Holland, all of who were too preoccupied with the war then raging in Europe to effectively stop Japan. This also brought Japan face to face with the United States. When the United States threatened economic sanctions against the Japanese if they did not pull back, Japan launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands (12/7/1941). From the American perspective, this was the beginning of the Second World War in the Pacific, although the Chinese and others saw it as starting in 1937 with the Japanese invasion of China. Either way, the war in Asia was on. Ironically, Japan's decision to turn south rather than north may have saved the allied cause in World War II. If Hitler had kept his Japanese allies informed on his intentions to attack Russia in 1941, they could have tied down enough Soviet forces in the Far East to deny Stalin vital reinforcements that would be a significant factor in the ultimate Russian victory against Germany. And, of course, a German victory against Russia would have seriously altered the course of World War II and subsequent history. Did you READ this last paragraph? “TALK” about a major “WHAT IF” in history!!!

What is your interpretation of this political cartoon?

Re-READ Alive! Ch. 34 & Ch. 16: RECORD dictator & “actionreaction” NOTES
1 b. 1 a. Country & Leader 1b. Regime description 2. Tactics (“power moves”) 3. What could “we” have done, if anything?

Homework: READ Alive. Ch. 34, p. 436-440. (Ch. 16, p
Homework: READ Alive! Ch. 34, p (Ch. 16, p ) & take notes into the boxes

Click BOOKS for link to on-line texts!!!
READ Ch (p ) record “actionreaction” notes (Americans, Ch. 16, p ) 1. You will READ Ch. 34 (p ) and record details on the back of your handout… Click BOOKS for link to on-line texts!!!

Was World War II preventable?
Ch. 34 Alive! (back) Was World War II preventable?

2/14: Do dictators “love” their country?
Homework: Ch. 17 “ttt,” plus HA summary notes Ch. 36 and 35 QUIZ on Ch. 16, 34, FC 135 is planned for Wednesday, 2/22 2/14: Do dictators “love” their country? Recall 2/10/17: Can a dictator help a nation? Tuesday, February 14, 2017 Origins of WW II: Dictators & “actionreaction” NOTES…20 pts. II. Was WW II preventable? Index card argumentative writing “debate”

Soviet Union (USSR). ITALY. Germany. JAPAN. Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union (USSR) ITALY Germany JAPAN Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Hideki Tojo

Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, “the man of steel”
Totalitarianism: -government controls all aspects of society -single-party political system -state planning of the economy -state-owned collective farms -forced private farmers to work on cooperative farms -placed people who resisted in labor camps -secret police rounded up and killed opponents

Italy Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce” (the Chief or Leader)
Fascism: -extreme nationalism; state comes first; individual liberty is secondary -strongly opposes communism and democracy -favors military values, use of violence, and strong leader -Blackshirt squads terrorized rival political groups -outlawed labor unions and opposing political parties -censored the press

Germany Adolf Hitler, “der Führer” (the leader)
Nazism: -a form of fascism -extreme racism, particularly aimed at Jews -territorial expansion to create Lebensraum, or “living space” -blamed Jews for Germany’s problems -sent Jews and other “undesirables” to concentration camps -centralized the government

Japan Hideki Tojo, “the razor”
Militarism: -military has increased power -military plays a strong role in government -called for aggressive military action abroad -political assassinations -military took control of civilian government

Americans, p. 530

History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p. 439-447; Americans, p. 528-541; 550-557
ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION Germany remilitarizes Hitler announced the formation of a German air force and compulsory military service. In 1936, he sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region on the border with France. These actions all challenged the Treaty of Versailles. ACTION Germany remilitarizes Hitler announced the formation of a German air force and compulsory military service. In 1936, he sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region on the border with France. These actions all challenged the Treaty of Versailles. REACTION The League of Nations lodged a formal protest against these actions but refused to consider sanctions against Germany.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia The Italian army, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. The Ethiopian forces could not stop the invasion, and Italy annexed the country in Hitler and Mussolini soon formed a treaty of friendship known as the Rome–Berlin axis. REACTION Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League voted to impose economic sanctions against Italy, including an oil embargo. The United States was asked to join the oil embargo against Italy, but Roosevelt refused to do so.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia The Italian army, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. The Ethiopian forces could not stop the invasion, and Italy annexed the country in Hitler and Mussolini soon formed a treaty of friendship known as the Rome–Berlin axis. ACTION 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia The Italian army, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. The Ethiopian forces could not stop the invasion, and Italy annexed the country in Hitler and Mussolini soon formed a treaty of friendship known as the Rome–Berlin axis. REACTION Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League voted to impose economic sanctions against Italy, including an oil embargo. The United States was asked to join the oil embargo against Italy, but Roosevelt refused to do so.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1936–1939 Germany and Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War Italy and Germany backed a military rebellion in Spain led by General Francisco Franco. They provided the Nationalists with supplies, weapons, and troops. The Nationalists eventually overthrew Spain’s democratic republic and set up a rightwing dictatorship. REACTION Although some volunteers, including 3,000 Americans, fought against the Nationalists, only the Soviet Union officially aided the Republicans in the Civil War. The U.S. Congress passed neutrality acts in 1936 and 1937, which kept the United States out of the conflict.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; REACTION Although some volunteers, including 3,000 Americans, fought against the Nationalists, only the Soviet Union officially aided the Republicans in the Civil War. The U.S. Congress passed neutrality acts in 1936 and 1937, which kept the United States out of the conflict. ACTION 1936–1939 Germany and Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War Italy and Germany backed a military rebellion in Spain led by General Francisco Franco. They provided the Nationalists with supplies, weapons, and troops. The Nationalists eventually overthrew Spain’s democratic republic and set up a rightwing dictatorship. ACTION 1936–1939 Germany and Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War Italy and Germany backed a military rebellion in Spain led by General Francisco Franco. They provided the Nationalists with supplies, weapons, and troops. The Nationalists eventually overthrew Spain’s democratic republic and set up a rightwing dictatorship.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing The Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing. Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage, killing approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 20,000 Chinese women. REACTION Roosevelt made a speech calling for a quarantine against aggressor nations like Japan. However, the speech had little effect, as Japan invaded French Indochina, Formosa, Korea, large areas of China, and several small Pacific islands.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing The Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing. Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage, killing approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 20,000 Chinese women. ACTION 1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing The Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing. Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage, killing approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 20,000 Chinese women. REACTION Roosevelt made a speech calling for a quarantine against aggressor nations like Japan. However, the speech had little effect, as Japan invaded French Indochina, Formosa, Korea, large areas of China, and several small Pacific islands.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1938 German Anschluss (union) with Austria Hitler pressured the Austrian government to join with Germany. In March, Hitler’s army crossed the border without opposition. Hitler declared a political union, or Anschluss, between the two countries. REACTION Britain and France were passive spectators as Germany expanded into Austria. Per. 5 & 4?? Need to finish the notes on Friday

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1938 German Anschluss (union) with Austria Hitler pressured the Austrian government to join with Germany. In March, Hitler’s army crossed the border without opposition. Hitler declared a political union, or Anschluss, between the two countries. ACTION 1938 German Anschluss (union) with Austria Hitler pressured the Austrian government to join with Germany. In March, Hitler’s army crossed the border without opposition. Hitler declared a political union, or Anschluss, between the two countries. REACTION Britain and France were passive spectators as Germany expanded into Austria.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia In the Munich Pact, Hitler acquired the Czech region of the Sudetenland and promised it would be his “last territorial demand.” However, in March 1939, he broke the pact and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. REACTION Britain and France were angered over Hitler’s breaking of the Munich Pact and declared that any further attacks by Germany on small states would trigger war.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia In the Munich Pact, Hitler acquired the Czech region of the Sudetenland and promised it would be his “last territorial demand.” However, in March 1939, he broke the pact and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. ACTION 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia In the Munich Pact, Hitler acquired the Czech region of the Sudetenland and promised it would be his “last territorial demand.” However, in March 1939, he broke the pact and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. REACTION Britain and France were angered over Hitler’s breaking of the Munich Pact and declared that any further attacks by Germany on small states would trigger war. REACTION Britain and France were angered over Hitler’s breaking of the Munich Pact and declared that any further attacks by Germany on small states would trigger war.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1939 Germany attacks Poland Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the USSR, which freed German forces to invade Poland. Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to attack so quickly that Polish forces were not able to mobilize. Soviet forces also invaded from the east, and Poland quickly fell. REACTION France and Britain followed through with their original announcement and declared war on Germany. However, they were not able to do anything to stop the invasion and the takeover of Poland.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1939 Germany attacks Poland Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the USSR, which freed German forces to invade Poland. Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to attack so quickly that Polish forces were not able to mobilize. Soviet forces also invaded from the east, and Poland quickly fell. ACTION 1939 Germany attacks Poland Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the USSR, which freed German forces to invade Poland. Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to attack so quickly that Polish forces were not able to mobilize. Soviet forces also invaded from the east, and Poland quickly fell. REACTION France and Britain followed through with their original announcement and declared war on Germany. However, they were not able to do anything to stop the invasion and the takeover of Poland.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1940 Germany invades Low Countries and France Hitler moved troops to Germany’s western borders. He attacked and captured the Low Countries and invaded France, trapping French and British troops along the coast. Italy declared war on Britain and France. REACTION Britain sent every boat possible to evacuate the trapped British and French (Allied) forces. France surrendered to Germany. Germany occupied most of France. Southeast France was controlled by a puppet government.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1940 Germany invades Low Countries and France Hitler moved troops to Germany’s western borders. He attacked and captured the Low Countries and invaded France, trapping French and British troops along the coast. Italy declared war on Britain and France. ACTION 1940 Germany invades Low Countries and France Hitler moved troops to Germany’s western borders. He attacked and captured the Low Countries and invaded France, trapping French and British troops along the coast. Italy declared war on Britain and France. REACTION Britain sent every boat possible to evacuate the trapped British and French (Allied) forces. France surrendered to Germany. Germany occupied most of France. Southeast France was controlled by a puppet government.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; REACTION British fighter pilots successfully shot down more than 600 German aircraft during the Battle of Britain. British citizens withstood the bombing raids. The raids diminished as Germany was unable to replace the lost aircraft. The United States began sending aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease Act. ACTION 1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) German planes flew raids against British ports, airfields, and industry. Later, the bombing raid targets were shifted to large cities.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; REACTION British fighter pilots successfully shot down more than 600 German aircraft during the Battle of Britain. British citizens withstood the bombing raids. The raids diminished as Germany was unable to replace the lost aircraft. The United States began sending aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease Act. ACTION 1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) German planes flew raids against British ports, airfields, and industry. Later, the bombing raid targets were shifted to large cities. ACTION 1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) German planes flew raids against British ports, airfields, and industry. Later, the bombing raid targets were shifted to large cities.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Three hundred Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft. REACTION The next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

ACTION = aggressive? REACTION = weak or REACTION = strong History Alive! Sec. 3 to 5 p ; Americans, p ; ACTION 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Three hundred Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft. ACTION 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Three hundred Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft. REACTION The next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

READ, reply…debate! If you snapped the “shots” of two “actions” or events in this time period, what would they “show” about the likelihood of war? (yes or no?) If you got the “scoop” on two “actions” or events in the mid-to-late 1930s, what would your editorial say? (yes or no?)

WRITTEN arguments ONLY!
“battle” of words…epistemology later? Select two specific “actions” and WRITE a catchy title to your CLAIM, or thesis, in response to this QUESTION: Was World War II preventable? “SHOW” that war is coming OR that it can be stopped!

2/15: What QUESTION would you ASK a Holocaust survivor?
Homework: *Ch. 17 “ttt,” plus HA summary notes Ch. 36 and 35 QUIZ on Ch. 16, 34, FC 135 Wednesday, 2/22* 2/15: What QUESTION would you ASK a Holocaust survivor? Wednesday, February 15, 2017 DICTATOR DAY! Index card argumentative writing “debate” coming

Chapter 16 World War Looms
1. What led to the rise of dictators? Frustrations and weakened economies caused by the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the rise of dictators (new democratic governments in many countries were weak). USSR- new communist state; Germany gets blamed for WW I (and lost territory; strong nationalism; democracies were ineffective at solving problems (dictators get things done)

How did Germany begin World War II? Germany (under Hitler’s leadership) began to seize the land of neighboring countries in 1938 (Austria & Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia). World War II began when Germany invaded Poland September 1, 1939.

How did the Nazis treat their enemies? The Nazis carried out an organized murder of their enemies, which resulted in the death of roughly 6 million Jews and 5 million others (Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s witnesses, homosexuals, mentally or physically ill, communists, Catholics…ALL who dissented).

How did America enter World War II? America entered World War II after years of neutrality that clearly favored Great Britain—see Lend-Lease Act (p. 552). The event that plunged America into the war was the Japanese attack on the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii (December 7, 1941). -FDR asked Congress to declare war the next day Page 435 in History Alive! READ about the “Origins of WW II”

Alive! Ch. 34: Origins of World War II (p. 447)
By the 1930s, extreme nationalists had gained power in Italy, Germany, and Japan, which became known as the Axis powers. By seeking to expand through military conquest, these countries began World War II. In 1941, the United States entered the war as one of the Allied powers. Totalitarianism In 1924, Joseph Stalin became the dictator of the communist Soviet Union. Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler gained power by promising to restore German strength. He built up the German military and began a campaign of expansion. Similar actions took place in Italy under dictator Benito Mussolini and in Japan under Japanese militarists. Munich Pact Great Britain and France tried to appease Hitler. In the Munich Pact, they agreed to give him part of Czechoslovakia in return for peace. But Hitler continued with territorial expansion. Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 triggered World War II. Neutrality Acts A series of neutrality acts in the 1930s kept the United States from being drawn into European conflicts, including the Spanish Civil War. As World War II began, however, Franklin Roosevelt and Congress revised the acts to allow arms trading with the Allies. Lend-Lease Act Germany quickly occupied most of Europe and threatened to invade Great Britain. As German bombers ravaged British cities, the United States decided to help Britain by passing the Lend-Lease Act. This law allowed the United States to lend arms to Britain and, later, to the Soviet Union. Attack on Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. This attack caused the United States to declare war on Japan and enter World War II.

World War II video outline found inside Unit III packet

Week 24 Unit III: Wrapping up “The Road to World War II”

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Week 24 Unit III: Wrapping up “The Road to World War II”

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Presentation on theme: "Week 24 Unit III: Wrapping up “The Road to World War II”"— Presentation transcript:

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