1. Art in the late 19th – early 20th c.
Major Movements:
1)   Impressionism (1860s-80s)
2)   Post-Impressionism (1880s-90s)
3)   Cubism (1900s-10s)
4) Expressionism (1900s-20s)

2. Da Vinci
David
Degas

3. Impressionism: This style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impression produced by a scene or object and the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

4. Edouard Manet (1832-1883) -Father of Impressionism
-Manet chose subjects from the events and appearances of his own time, stressing the arrangement of paint areas on a canvas over and above its function as representation.
-Rejected by the Salon, his art was first exhibited in 1863 at the Salon des Refusés.
-Panned by critics, but hailed by an enthusiastic group of young painters who later formed the nucleus of the Impressionists.
               

5. Edouard Manet – Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe – “Luncheon on the Grass”
Manet was reminded of Giorgione's Concert Champêtre and determined to repeat the theme in clearer colour and with modern personnel. A closer likeness of composition has been found in an engraving by Marcantonio of a group of river gods, after a now lost original by Raphael of The Judgement of Paris. An Old Master element of formal arrangement remains to distinguish it from an essentially Impressionist work and yet as well as being ostensibly set in the open there are various hints and suggestions in light and colour of fresh possibilities in open-air painting. The furious outcry it caused as the principal exhibit among the Salon rejects was based on the alleged indecency of two fully-dressed men appearing in the company of the naked female bather (an accusation no one had thought to make against the comparable juxtaposition in the work attributed to Giorgione). But the respectable persons represented in sedate conversation were Manet's favourite model, Victorine Meurend (whom he also painted as a toreador), his brother-in-law, Ferdinand Leenhoff, and Manet's younger brother, Eugène.
Edouard Manet – Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe – “Luncheon on the Grass”

6. Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere – “The Crazy Shepherdess”
themes of art should be of modern social life, middle class leisure = picnics, boat races, dance halls
Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere – “The Crazy Shepherdess”

7. Claude Monet ( )
-Leader of the Impressionists, economically most successful
-Impression: Sunrise gave the movement its name
-Devoted to the ideals and techniques of the movement throughout his long career
- “The Waterlily Guy”

8. Rouen Cathedral: Full Sunlight
Claude Monet
Rouen Cathedral: Full Sunlight

9. Claude Monet - Houses of Parliament, London

10. Claude Monet –Waterlilies, Green Reflection

11. Edgar Degas (1834-1917) -Master of drawing the human figure in motion.
-Prefered pastels to all others
-Best known for paintings and bronzes of ballerinas
- “The Dancer & Horses Guy”

12. Edgar Degas - Dance Class at the Opera

13. Edgar Degas - Race Horses

14. Edgar Degas
Absinthe

15. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
‘Best-loved of all the Impressionists’ because his subjects---children, flowers, beautiful scenery, and lovely women- all have instant appeal
‘Why shouldn't art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world.’
Liked the ladies: ‘I never think I have finished a nude until I think I could pinch it.’
Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s self-portrait in 1910

16. Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Madame Charpentier and Her Children

17. Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Girls at the Piano

18. Georges Seurat ( )
Founder of the Neo-Impressionists (Post-Impressionism) in 1880s.
Created technique called Pointillism portraying the play of light using tiny brushstrokes of contrasting colors
Painted huge compositions with tiny, detached strokes of pure color too small to be distinguished when looking at the entire work
Interested in the science of optics

19. Georges Seurat – A Sunday Afternoon on the Isle of Grande Jatte

20. Georges Seurat
Detail from The Parade

21. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Dutch painter
Most famous of the Post-Impressionists
All his paintings done within a 10 year span
His works convey emotion through striking color, coarse brushwork, and contoured forms
Mental illness (chopped ear) eventually resulted in suicide.
Influenced Expressionism

22. Vincent van Gogh – Starry Night

23. Vincent van Gogh – Pollard Willows with Setting Sun

24. Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) French Post-Impressionist
Spent a short period with van Gogh in Arles, France (the famous chopped ear incident)
Gauguin increasingly abandoned imitative art for expressiveness through color.
From 1891 until his death he lived and worked in Tahiti and elsewhere in the South Pacific.

25. Paul Gauguin– Vision after the Sermon, Jacob Wrestling the Angel
As its name suggests, Gauguin's work was concerned with inner rather than external truth. He combined stylized images of Breton figures in a shallow pictorial space with a 'vision' in the top right corner. Thus the 'real' and imagined worlds depicted, are separated by the strong, diagonal of the tree, which was inspired by Japanese prints. Like the Impressionists, Gauguin studied Japanese prints and even adopted their use of bold, flat areas of solid color. The figures are distributed unconventionally, cut off and framing the canvas edge at the left and in the foreground. No identifiable source of light is used, a device which looks forward to developments in Fauvism.
Paul Gauguin– Vision after the Sermon, Jacob Wrestling the Angel

26. Where does the art above come from?
Notice the similarity?
As its name suggests, Gauguin's work was concerned with inner rather than external truth. He combined stylized images of Breton figures in a shallow pictorial space with a 'vision' in the top right corner. Thus the 'real' and imagined worlds depicted, are separated by the strong, diagonal of the tree, which was inspired by Japanese prints. Like the Impressionists, Gauguin studied Japanese prints and even adopted their use of bold, flat areas of solid color. The figures are distributed unconventionally, cut off and framing the canvas edge at the left and in the foreground. No identifiable source of light is used, a device which looks forward to developments in Fauvism.
Where does the art above come from?

27. Paul Gauguin– Arearea (Joyousness)
Used proceeds from Jacob Wrestled the Angel to go live in ecstasy in Tahiti (get with nature) starting in 1891.
Paul Gauguin– Arearea (Joyousness)

28. Paul Cezanne ( )
“The Recluse” exhibited very little of his work and spent most of his time in artistic isolation
One of the great forerunners of modern painting, favored form over light, achieved through his unique treatment of space, mass, and color.
Cézanne went beyond the individual brushstroke and the fall of light, creating “something more solid and durable, like the art of the museums”

29. Paul Cezanne– House and Farm at Jas de Bouffan

30. Paul Cezanne– The Card Players
In the late 1870s Cézanne entered the phase known as ``constructive,'' characterized by the grouping of parallel, hatched brushstrokes in formations that build up a sense of mass in themselves. He continued in this style until the early 1890s, when, in his series of paintings titled Card Players ( ), the upward curvature of the players' backs creates a sense of architectural solidity and thrust, and the intervals between figures and objects have the appearance of live cells of space and atmosphere.
Paul Cezanne– The Card Players

31. Cubism – An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense of other pictorial elements largely by use of intersecting often transparent cubes and cones.
Pablo Picasso – Girl with Mandolin

32. Cubism was created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, and chiaroscuro, and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature.
Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously.
Georges Braque – Fruit Dish & Cards

33. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Spanish painter & sculptor
Introduced Cubism to the art world with Les Demoiselles d'Avignon in 1907
Cubist style created in tandem with his great friend Georges Braque
Their works were so alike it was hard for each artist quickly to identify their own. Referred to each other as "Orville and Wilbur" for they knew how profound their invention was.

34. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Pablo Picasso
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Named for a street, not the city in France

35. Do you see a similarity here?
Named for a street, not the city in France
Do you see a similarity here?

36. Pablo Picasso
Three Musicians

37. Georges Braque ( )
Glass on a Table

38. Do you see Cezanne’s influence here?
Georges Braque
Viaduct at L’Estaque
Do you see Cezanne’s influence here?

39. Nude Descending a Staircase
Marcel Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase

40. Fauvism Flourished in France in the first decade of the 20th century
Emphasized the use of pure, brilliant colors, applied straight to the canvas in an aggressive, direct manner to create a sense of an explosive emotion
First exhibited in Paris in 1905, Fauvist paintings shocked visitors to the annual Salon; art critic Louis Vauxcelles saw the violence of these works and dubbed the new painters "Les Fauves" (Wild Beasts).
Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi (A Glimpse of Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon) Henri Matisse

41. Henri Matisse ( )
Leader of the Fauvist movement, Matisse pursued expression through color throughout his career
The Fauves painted directly from nature as the Impressionists had before them, but their works were more strongly expressive
Matisse's methodical studies led him to reject traditional renderings of three-dimensional space and to seek instead a new picture defined by the movement of color

42. Henri Matisse - Le bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life)

43. The Dance
Other Works by Henri Matisse
Woman with Hat

44. Henri Matisse
Blue Nude

45. Edvard Munch- The Scream
Expressionism
Movement in fine arts that emphasized the expression of inner experience rather than solely realistic portrayal, sought to depict not objective reality but the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse
Edvard Munch- The Scream

46. Wassily Kandinsky – Composition #7
Expressionism can also be seen as a permanent tendency in Germanic and Nordic art from at least the European Middle Ages, particularly in times of social change or spiritual crisis, and in this sense it forms the converse of the rationalist and classicizing tendencies of Italy and later of France.
Expressionism is accomplished through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements

47. Impressionism… leads to…..
Follow the Family Tree
Sisley – Flood at Port Marly & Renoir – Dance at Bougival
Impressionism… leads to…..

48. which is divided over the issue of….
Post - Impressionism…
Camille Pissarro: Haymakers & Van Gogh: Festival in the Market
which is divided over the issue of….

49. Form & Construction vs. Color & Emotion
Cezanne – The Bay from Estaque & Van Gogh – Starry Night
Color & Emotion

50. From Cezanne’s “Construction” Phase we get Cubism

51. And from Van Gogh’s emotion & color we get… the Fauves… and the Expressionists
Andre Derain – The Thames was one of the Fauvists  who used the brightest colours. He looked at the scene that he was  painting and if something was  reddish then he used bright red, if it was purplish then he used bright purple
George Grosz – Pillars of Society