1. RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Part No...., Module No....Lesson No
Module title
IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Part 16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
Practical exercise
Part …: (Add part number and title)
Module…: (Add module number and title)
Lesson …: (Add session number and title)
Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: …
. (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session)
Activity: (Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.)
Duration: (Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs)
Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate)
References: (List the references for the session)
IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources

2. Part No...., Module No....Lesson No
Module title
Overview / Contents
To become familiar with quality control tests in fluoroscopy
To measure the low contrast resolution and noise according to the suggested procedures
Interpretation of results
Explanation or/and additional information
Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources

3. Part 16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
Part No...., Module No....Lesson No
Module title
IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
Part 16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
Low contrast resolution and noise
Part …: (Add part number and title)
Module…: (Add module number and title)
Lesson …: (Add session number and title)
Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: …
. (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session)
Activity: (Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.)
Duration: (Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs)
Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate)
References: (List the references for the session)
IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources

4. Low contrast resolution and noise
Purpose :
to measure the low contrast resolution and the influence of noise on low contrast detectability
Equipment :
image quality phantom (Leeds phantom)
2 mm Cu filter
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

5. Low contrast resolution
The low contrast resolution determines the size of detail that can be visibly reproduced when there is only a small difference in density relative to the surrounding area
Low contrast resolution is considerably limited by noise.
The perception threshold in relation to contrast and detail size can be determined, for example, by means of a contrast-detail curve.
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

6. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantom Noise and contrast loss
Incorporates:
19 discs, each 11 mm diameter, of different x-ray contrasts.
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

7. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantom Noise and contrast loss
Typical fluoroscopic image of the test object. View the small circles at center and
count the number of visible circles
Images from:
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

8. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantom Noise and contrast loss
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

9. Noise and contrast loss
Interpretation of results
The threshold contrast is determined by the detail which can only just be detected. The threshold contrast of a modern system in average adjustment should not be greater than the following values:
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

10. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantoms Overall Imaging Performance
Incorporates:
108 discs in 12 groups of different diameters; in each group there are 9 discs of different X-Ray contrasts.
Is used to assess the threshold-contrast detail-detectability.
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

11. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantoms Overall Imaging Performance
Typical fluoroscopic image of the test object.
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

12. Leeds Fluoroscopy Phantoms Overall Imaging Performance
Interpretation of results
Data are plotted as a function of detail diameter.
Threshold detection index is defined as
H (A) = [C(A) A]-1
16.4: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy

13. Where to Get More Information
Quality Control in Diagnostic Imaging, Gray JE, Winkler NT, Stears J, Frank ED. Available at no cost.
15.3: Optimization of protection in radiography