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THEVENIN’S & NORTON’S THEOREM AND MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM
EXPERIMENT 4 THEVENIN’S & NORTON’S THEOREM AND MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM
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PART A - THEVENIN
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Construct the circuit in Fig 4.1.
Measure the resistance of each resistor. Record these values in Table 4.1 Select RL as the resistor where it is proposed to determine the current value Construct the circuit in Fig 4.1. Table 4.1 Measured values V1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 RL
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Remove resistor RL from the network.
Turn on the supply. Measure the voltage between the points A and D of the network. This is the Thevenin’s voltage. Record the value in Table 4.2 Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL
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PART B - NORTON
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Construct the circuit as shown in Fig. 4.1. Do not turn on the supply
Remove resistor RL from the network. RL is selected as the resistor where it is proposed to determine the current value. Turn on the supply. Read the current shown by the ammeter between terminals A and D. This is Norton’s current, IN. Record its value in Table 4.3.
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Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL Table 4.3 Measured values Theoretical values Norton’s Resistance current current in RL resistance
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PART A - THEVENIN
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Switch off the power supply
Switch off the power supply. Replace the power supply V1 with a short circuit. Measure the resistance between terminals A and D. This is the Thevenin’s resistance. Record the value in Table 4.2 Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL
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PART B - NORTON
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Switch off the power supply. Replace the supply with a short circuit.
Measure the resistance between terminals A and D. This is Norton’s resistance, record the value in Table 4.3. Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL Table 4.3 Measured values Theoretical values Norton’s Resistance current current in RL resistance Conclusion: RTH = RN
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PART A - THEVENIN
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Place back the resistor RL in circuit with an ammeter is connected between terminals A and B or C and D. Remove the short circuit connection and place back the supply in the circuit. Turn on the supply. Read and record the current value flowing in the resistor RL. Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL
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PART B - NORTON
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Place back the resistance RL in circuit with an ammeter is connected between terminals A and B or C and D. Place back the power supply in the circuit and remove the short circuit connection. Read and record the current value flowing in the resistor RL. Table 4.2 Measured values Theoretical values Thevenin’s resistance voltage current in RL 619.6 Ω V 4.072 mA Table 4.3 Measured values Theoretical values Norton’s Resistance current current in RL resistance 619.6 Ω 5.255 mA 4.072 mA
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PART C – MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER
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I Set up the circuit as shown in Fig. 4.2. A C D = GND B
Apply 10V DC from the DC power supply. Vth = 10 V No connection RL Connect to GND Connect to DMM (-ve) = node C
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Use the resistor, Rth = 5kΩ
Vary the load rheostat RL from 0 Ω to 10 kΩ. Measure the voltages VL and I. Take 11 sets of reading. Record all result in Table 4.4. Connect to DMM to measure the resistance
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0kΩ, 1kΩ, 2kΩ, 3kΩ, 4kΩ, 5kΩ, 6kΩ, 7kΩ, 8kΩ, 9kΩ, 10kΩ
No. VTH VL (V) I (mA) PIN = VTH I POUT = VL I Loss = PIN POUT %η %VR RL = VL / I 1 10 V 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 %η = ( Pout / Pin ) x 100 % %VR = ( RTH / RL) x 100 %
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