1. RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigation at GSI): Phases and recent results
M. Górska, GSI Darmstadt
CEA Saclay
CSNSM Orsay
GANIL Caen
IPN Orsay
FZ Juelich
FZ Rossendorf
GSI Darmstadt
HMI Berlin
LMU Muenchen
MPI Heidelberg
TU Darmstadt
Univ. Bonn
Univ. Koeln
NBI Copenhagen
Australian Nat.
Univ., Canberra
Univ. Leuven
CLRC Daresbury
Univ. Keele
Univ. Liverpool
Univ. Manchester
Univ. Paisley
Univ. Surrey
Univ. York
Univ. Demokritos
Univ. Milano
INFN Genova
INFN Legnaro
INFN/Univ. Napoli
INFN/Univ. Padova
Univ. Camerino
Univ. Firenze
IFJ Krakow
IPJ Swierk
Univ. Krakow
Univ. Warszawa
KTH Stockholm
Univ. Lund
Univ. Uppsala

2. RIB at GSI The Accelerators: UNILAC (injector) E<11.5 MeV/n
SIS 18Tm corr. U 1 GeV/n
Beam Currents:
238U pps
some medium mass nuclei pps
(A~130)
γ spectroscopy
setup:
FRS provides secondary radioactive ion beams:
fragmentation or fission of primary beams
high secondary beam energies: 100 – 700 MeV/u
fully stripped ions

3. Secondary Beam Identification
production target
multiwire chamber;
beam position Z
A/Q
ToF
scintillator
MUSIC
ionization chamber; Z
RISING Y X
scintillator b

4. The RISING campaigns
The “beam cocktail” : 238U fission fragments recorded at the FRS
The selected unstable fragments can be:
Phase I: Fast beam campaign
used at relativistic velocities
or stopped and investigated (delayed particle or γ-emission)
or slowed down to the Coulomb barrier energy before impinging the secondary (reaction) target
Phase II: Current campaign
The feasibility has to be checked yet
Each campaign requires a dedicated Ge-detector arrangement !

5. Phase I : Fast beams, Oct. 2003 – May 2005 Physics program - Nuclei of interest
convener: P. Reiter, University of Cologne
134Ce, 136Nd
58Cr Sn
134Te
132Sn
69Br
88Kr
53Ni
68Ni
32,34Mg
N=Z
Shell structure of instable magic nuclei
Symmetry along the N=Z line
Collective modes, E1 strength distribution
Shapes and shape coexistence Pb
36Ca
Another answer would be: RISING is an attractive physics program, intending to unravel nuclear structure questions which appear in the instable
region of the chart of nuclei. On this transparency you see the nuclei of interest from the RISING proposals, which are meanwhile accepted by the GSI PAC.
In this talk I will concentrate mainly on the four regions, written in capital letters. The rest of the physics case will be described tomorrow in another talk.
53Ni lies three neutrons beyond the N=Z line and is member of an isospin 3/2 quadruplet. Isospin symmetrie and Coulomb energy differences are the subject
of the first double fragmentation experiment which was performed with RISING.
The other red written nuclei will be studied in Coulomb excitation experiments.
The rp-process is ending at or in the vicinity of 69Br and it would be of high interest to identify excited states in
this proton-unbound nucleus with a half-life of only ns.
The interest in the neutron-deficient Sn isotopes I will explain later.
In heavier nuclei like 136Nd and the Pb isotopes chirality, octupole correlations and shape coexistence can be investigated
at relativistic energies with different methods then the ones based on fusion evaporation.
On the neutron rich side g-factor measurements of Te isotopes are proposed.
Spectroscopic factors should be measured in 132Sn.
The second 2+ state in 88Kr will be coulexed in order to extend the systematics of mixed symmetry states in N=52 isotones.
The GDR strength in 68Ni will be investigated.
66Fe I will explain in more detail.
In 32,34Mg another independent attempt to determine lifetimes of excited states was proposed.

6. Reactions used with fast RIBs
convener: P. Reiter, University of Cologne
Coulomb excitation (Au secondary targets):
Low spins ( Mg=1)
Forward scattering (q < 3°)
High excitation energy ( GDR population )
Fragmentation ( Be secondary targets):
Higher spins ( Mg>1)

7. Secondary reaction product identification
production target
multiwire chamber;
beam position
ToF
scintillator DE E
reaction target
MUSIC
ionization chamber; Z Y X
CATE
Si-CsI arrays; (X,Y), Z,A
scintillator b Qp g Qg MW
CATE Si
CsI
Target
HECTOR
BaF2 detectors
Ge-Cluster and MINIBALL detectors

8. Gamma spectroscopy with fast beams
~ 3%
E=1.3 MeV
D = 70 cm
Lorentz boost (+)
Doppler broadening (-)
Atomic background(-) 
target
 = 0.43
Detector opening angle Dq=3°
Composite
detector
 = 0.57
DEg0/Eg0 [%]
 = 0.43
 = 0.11
1 Ge-Cluster
detector
qlab [deg]

9. Phase I : RISING g-array for fast beams
Target chamber
Ge Cluster detectors
CATE
beam
BaF2 HECTOR
detectors
Ge Miniball detectors

10. New Shell Structure at N>>Z On the pathway of magicity from N=40 to N=32
Collaboration: Bonn, Cologne, GSI, Lund
Spokesperson: P. Reiter, H. Grawe, H. Hübel
f 5/2
The Z~20, N~34region
It is known experimentally that the neutron νf5/2 orbit from 57Ni towards 49Ca undergoes
a large monopole shift due to the reduced binding with increasing removal of the proton f7/2
S=0 spin-orbit partners. Beyond N=28 this opens a gap between the ν(p3/2,p1/2) and νf5/2
orbits, which might be subject to change depending on the 2p1/2 position, as this also forms a
S=0 pair with π1f7/2 but with less radial overlap.
In the figure experimental signatures for shell structure are shown:
the two-nucleon separation energy differences δ2n/δ2p,
the 2+ excitation energies E(2+),
the B(E2;2+ →0+) values
In the Ca isotopes beyond N=28 a possible (sub)shell closure at N=32,34 seems to develop in E(2+).
The Cr isotopes show a maximum in E(2+) at N=32.
On the other hand within the N=34 isotones E(2+) is increasing from Fe
to Cr in contrast to the expected trend towards midshell, which supports a N=34 closure.
Besides masses, which due to short half lives are difficult to measure, obviously E(2+) and B(E2)
values for 50-54Ca are missing for a proof of the concept. Similarly a study of the N=30-34
isotones of Cr and Ti would reveal such a change in shell structure.
The shell behaviour in the N~40-50 region is dominated by the monopole strength of the πf5/2 νg9/2
and πf7/2 νf5/2 pairs of nucleons, which is known from experiment. At N=40 68Ni as an
isolated nucleus exhibits doubly-magic features, which rapidly disappear when adding protons
into πf5/2 or removing them from πf7/2 as in both cases the gap between νg9/2 and νf5/2 is
closed by increased νg9/2 and decreased νf5/2 binding, respectively. It is an interesting question
whether this affects the N=50 shell at 78Ni, too, where the πf5/2 orbit is empty, which shifts
νg9/2 towards νd5/2.
Neutron-rich Ca-, Ti-, Cr-Isotopes
protons are removed from the pf7/2 shell
weaker pf7/2 –nf5/2 monopole interaction
nf5/2 moves up in energy
possible shell gaps at N=32 and N=34?

11. New Shell structure at N>>Z Relativistic Coulex in N=28-34 nuclei
A. Bürger et al., Phys. Lett B622, 29 (2005)
Similar results for 52,54,56Ti (MSU)
D.-C. Dinca et al., Phys. Rev. C71 (2005)
Plunger: 56Cr: 11.2 ± 1.5 W.u
Calculations:
T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, (2001)
T. Otsuka et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 13,69 (2002)
M. Honma et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, (2004)
E. Caurier et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 145 (2002)

12. Comparison with 52,54,56Ti results for 52,54,56Ti
D.-C. Dinca et al., Phys Rev. C (R) (2005)

13. Mirror symmetry of new (sub)shell closures : 36S – 36Ca
H. Grawe, et al.
N=Z
Is N,Z=14(16) shell stabilisation and
N=20 shell quenching in 32Mg20
symmetric in isospin projection Tz?
monopole part of two-body interaction
small neutron binding energy
14O O
14C

14. Secondary fragmentation of 37Ca beam
Double fragmentation reaction:
40Ca (630 AMeV) + 9Be →
37Ca (200 AMeV ) + 9Be (0.7 g/cm2)
38Ca
(<1 %)
37Ca (85 %)
2*103 p/sec
36K (14 %) Ca K
~800 keV DE Ar
EPAX cross section ratios: Cl S P Si Al Mg Na E

15. 36Ca E(2+) preliminary result
P. Doornenbal et al., to be published
Cluster
3014(20) keV
Miniball
BaF2
36S E(2+) – 36Ca E(2+) = 276 keV (confirmed by GANIL)
in a qualitative agreement with USD1 calculation using SPE from 17O and 17F
=> major part of the displacement: Thomas-Ehrmann shift
[1] B.A. Brown, B.H. Wiedenthal: Ann. Rev. of Nucl. Part. Sci. 38, 29 (1988)

16. Lineshape Inner ring Q~160 36K energy resolution and line shape
detector opening angle
DE= keV
energy/momentum transfer from fragmentation
DE= keV (including opening angle)
energy loss in target
total energy spread: DE= keV
lineshape effects due to lifetime
Be-target: 0.7 g/cm2 bin= Dt~24ps
36K
Inner ring
Q~160

17. Relativistic Coulomb Excitation of Nuclei Near 100Sn
A. Banu et al., Phys. Rev. C 72, 06305(R) (2005)
Primary beam: 124Xe: 700 MeV/u
Secondary beam: 108,112Sn: 147 MeV/u, Au-target: 400 mg/cm2
Collaboration: Lund, Uppsala, Stockholm, Keele, Legnaro, Warsaw, Debrecen,
Liverpool, Surrey, York, GSI
Spokesperson: C. Fahlander, Lund, M. Gorska, GSI
ORNL data
RISING
B(E2, 2+->0+) values provide E2 correlations related to core polarization.
Lifetime measurements hampered by isomeric 6+ states in even Sn isotopes
2+->0+ decay too fast for electronic timing methods.
Coulomb excitation of instable Sn isotopes

18. SM calculations This work
theory (neutron valence + proton core excitations and
90Zr as closed-shell core)
theory (neutron valence and 100Sn as closed-shell core)
Neutron/proton single-particle states
in a nuclear shell-model potential:
t=0
t=2
t=4
Neutron number
B(E2 ) e2 b2
This work
••••••••
Complementary method REX-ISOLDE:
J. Cederkäll et al.,108,110Sn
New data: MSU, K. Starosta et al., Sn

19. Triaxiality in even-even core nuclei of N=75 isotones
Spokesperson: T.R. Saito (GSI), K. Starosta (MSU)
136Nd
energy [keV]
counts
Predicted by MC calulation:
T. Otsuka et al, PRL 86 (2001) 1171
2+1
2+2 0+
4+1
Triaxiality
g-Softness
First observation of a second excited 2+ state populated in a Coulomb experiment at 100AMeV using RISING

20. Isospin Symmetry and Coulomb Effects Towards the Proton Drip-Line
N~Z Collaboration: Keele, Daresbury, Lund, Surrey, York, GSI
Spokesperson: M. A. Bentley, Keele University
Aim of the proposal is to identify the lowest energy (yrast) structure of Tz=-3/2 nuclei in the A=50 region for the first time and,
through comparison with their Tz=3/2 mirror partners, to interpret the resulting Coulomb energies in the context of the nuclear shell model. Spectroscopic studies of these extremely proton-rich systems are generally beyond the scope of the usual techniques using fusion-evaporation reactions with intense stable beams.
However, the fragmentation reaction has been shown to be capable of producing such exotic nuclei with manageable cross-sections and at reasonable angular momenta.
Mirror pairs in f7/2-shell
Excited states in the Tz=-3/2 nuclei 45Cr and 53Ni
Test of fp-shell model calculation

21. Isospin Symmetry and Coulomb Effects Towards the Proton Drip-Line
54Ni
54Fe 2+ 4+
- Preliminary analysis, basic Doppler shift correction without tracking
- Transitions energies are taken from A. Gadea et al.

22. RISING Fast beam collaboration: P. Reiter

23. Phase II a: g-factors of isomeric beams (TPAD) Oct.- Dec. 2005
Convener: G. Neyens, K.U. Leuven

24. magnet + 8 RISING detectors (top view)
Setup
degrader
Slits
magnet + 8 RISING detectors (top view)
Spin-aligned secondary beam
A t=0 signal for g-decay timing
A collimator to avoid beam scattering
An implantation foil
A magnet with field up to 1.1 T
8 Cluster detectors from RISING (e ~ 3%)

25. Performed Experiments
- g-factors around 132Sn (D. Balabanski, M. Hass)
- g-factor of 11- in 192Pb (A. Maj, J. Gerl)
- spin-alignment in high-energy fission (G. Neyens, G. Simpson)
- g-factors around 132Sn (G. Simpson, G. Neyens)
fragmentation
fission
RISING: unique facility to study g-factors and quadrupole moments of spin-aligned isomeric beams not accessible at other places:
- lifetime range 100 ns – 100 ms (not at ISOL facilities)
- in neutron rich nuclei with mass A>70
(not with intermediate energy fragmentation)
(not with fusion-evaporation)

26. First spectra 136Xe fragmentation data:
minimum counts requested for the R(t)
127Sn 8h data ~5000 counts in the ph peak
measurement ~4 days
127Sn
127Sn

27. g-RISING collaboration: G. Neyens
PARTICIPANTS
1. K.U. Leuven, Belgium: S. Mallion, G. Neyens, P. Himpe, N. Vermeulen, D. Yordanov
2. University of Sofia, Bulgaria: A. Blazhev, R. Lozeva, P. Detistov, L. Atanasova, G. Damyanova
3. CEA, Bruyères le Chatel, France: G. Bélier, J.M. Daugas, V. Meot, O. Roig
4. ILL Grenoble, France: G. Simpson, I.S. Tsekhanovich
5. CENBG Bordeaux, France: I. Matea, K. Turzó
6. GSI-Darmstadt, Germany: F. Becker, J. Gerl, H. Grawe, M. Gorska, I. Kojuharov, T. Saitoh, H.J. Wollersheim
7. IKP Koeln, Germany: J. Jolie, A. Richard, A. Scherillo
8. IKHP Rossendorf, Germany: R. Schwengner
9. The Weizmann Institute, Israel: S. Chamoli, G. Goldring, M. Hass, B.S. Nara Singh, I. Regev, S. Vaintraub
10. University of Camerino, Italy: D. Balabanski, G. Lo Bianco, K. Galdnishki, A. Saltarelli, C. Petrache
11. University of Milano, Italy: G. Benzoni, N. Blasi, A. Bracco, F. Camera, B. Million, S. Leoni, O. Wieland
12. IFJ-PAN Krakow, Poland: P. Bednarczyk, J. Grébosz, M. Kmiecik, M. Lach, A. Maj, K. Mazurek, K.H. Maier
13. Warsaw University, Poland: M. Pfűtzner, A. Korgul W. Méczyński, J. Styczeń 14. NIPNE, Bucharest, Romania: M. Ionescu-Bujor, A. Iordachescu, G. Ilie
15. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain: A. Jungclaus
16. ISOLDE-CERN, Switzerland: G. Georgiev
17. Manchester University, U.K: A.G. Smith, R. Orlandi
18. University of Surrey, UK: Zs. Podolyàk, P.Regan, P.M. Walker

28. Phase II b: Stopped beams Feb. 2006 -
Convener: P.H. Regan, University of Surrey
5 clusters at 510,
5 clusters at 900,
5 clusters at 1290
all at 209.8mm
Photopeak efficiency 17.2% at 1.3MeV
8 BaF2 detectors
( mm) 
H. Mach
J. Simpson CCLRC Daresbury

29. Status on 01 Feb.:

30. Physics Case for the Stopped Beam RISING Campaign
P.H. Regan (convenor)
Structure Around 100Sn
Neutron deficient nuclei with 28<Z<50
Fission fragment studies
The Neutron-rich Hf-Pt region
Isomer and Particle Decay Probes of Shape Coexistence Around Z=82
implantation-decay:
time correlation - active catcher
position correlation - granularity
impl. of several ions: thickness and area
energy of the ion and the emitted particle
3 double-side silicon-strip detectors
- surface 5x5 cm2
- thickness 1 mm
- 2 x mm strips
- manufactured by MICRON

31. Implantation detector
double sided silicon strip detector
active area 50x50 mm2
thickness 0.5 mm
16 strips in x- and y-direction

32. Detector for β half lives measurement (Active catcher)
Implantation-decay correlations with large background
(half lifes similar to the implantation rate):
implantation-decay time correlation: active catcher
implantation-decay position correlation: granularity
implantation of several ions: thickness and area
energy of the implanted ion and the emitted b
3 double-side silicon-strip detectors
- surface 5x5 cm2
- thickness 1 mm
- 2 x mm strips
- manufactured by MICRON

33. Beam time approved (days)
Stopped beam I ü
Proposals
Nuclei of Interest
Proposers
Beam time approved (days)
status
Isomer spectroscopy of fission fragments close to 78Ni
Around 76Ni
M. Bernas, H. Grawe 7
Effective charge near 56Ni
54Ni, Tz = -1
D. Rudolph 4
Isomer spectroscopy of the odd-odd Tz=0 nuclei
82Nb, 86Tc
P. Regan, B. Blank 5 ü ü
Along the N=126 closed shell: Nuclei below 208Pb S299
Around 208Pb
Z.Podolyak 7
Shape co-existence and the possibility of X(5) behaviour in neutron-rich A~110 nuclei S300
106Zr
A.M.Bruce

34. Stopped beam II: active stopper
Proposals
Nuclei of Interest
Proposers
Beam time request (days)
status
ß-decay lifetimes, ß-decay spectroscopy studies and collective evolution "south" of 208Pb S312
Around 208Pb
J. Benlliure, P.H.Regan 7
Nuclear dynamical symmetries and shape evolution in K-isomeric nuclei from 190W to the 170Dy valence maximum S313
190W- 170Dy
P.H. Regan, J.Benlliure 8
Search for the 8+(πg9/2)-2 isomer in N= Cd populated via the 6 proton knockout channel in the fragmentation of 136Xe S305
130Cd
A. Jungclaus
Isospin symmetry of transitions probed by weak and strong interactions: the ß-decay of 54Ni, 50Fe, and 46Cr S316
54Ni, 50Fe, 46Cr
Y.Fujita, W.Gelletly, B.Rubio
100Sn: Gamov-Teller strength in its decay, search for its isomer, and particle stability of heavier nuclei LOI41
100Sn
T.Fästermann

35. Stopped Beam RISING collaboration: P.H.Regan
Stopped Beam RISING collaboration: P.H.Regan
   
 PARTICIPANTS
CENBG Bordeaux, France: B. Blank
GSI-Darmstadt, Germany: J.Gerl, H.J.Wollersheim, F.Becker, H.Grawe, M.Gorska, P.Bednarczyk, N.Saitoh, T.Saitoh
IKP Koeln, Germany: J. Jolie, P. Reiter, N. Warr, A. Richard, A. Scherillo, N. Warr
TU Munchen: R. Krücken, T. Faestermann
University of Camerino, Italy: D. Balabanski, K.Gladnishki,
IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland: A. Maj, J. Grebosz, M. Kmiecik, K. Mazurek
Warsaw University, Poland: M. Pfűtzner
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain: A. Jungclaus
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain: D. Cortina Gil, J. Benlliure, T. Kurtukian Nieto, E. Caserejos
IFIC Valencia, Spain: B. Rubio
INFN-Legnaro, Italy: A. Gadea, G. deAngelis, J.J. Valiente Dobon, N. Marginean, D. Napoli,
INFN-Padova, Italy: E. Farnea, D. Bazzacco, S. Lunardi, R. Marginean
University and INFN-Milano: A. Bracco, G. Benzoni, F. Camera, B. Million, O. Wieland, S. Leoni
University of Surrey, UK: Zs. Podolyàk, P.H. Regan, P.M. Walker, W. Gelletly, W.N.Catford, Z. Liu, S. Williams
University of York, UK: M.A. Bentley, R. Wadsworth
University of Brighton, UK: A.M. Bruce
University of Manchester, UK: D.M. Cullen, S.J. Freeman
University of Liverpool, UK: R.D. Page
University of Edinburgh, UK: P. Woods, T. Davinson
CLRC Daresbury, UK: J. Simpson, D. Warner
Uppsala University, Sweden: H. Mach
Lund University, Sweden: D. Rudolph
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA: R.M. Clark
University of Notre Dame, USA: M. Wiescher, A. Aprahamian
Youngstown State University, Ohio, USA: J.J. Carroll
Debrecen, Hungary: A. Algora

36. The local RISING team More information:
H.-J.Wollersheim et al., NIM A 537, 637 (2005)

37. Summary First experiments and results from Phase I:
Coulomb excitation of 2+1 in 108,112Sn
Coulomb excitation of 2+ in 54,56,58Cr
Spectroscopy of fragmentation products around 37Ca
Coulomb excitation of 2+1 and 2+2 in134Ce, 136Nd
More results:
- Mirror nuclei after fragmentation of 55Ni
Knock out close to 132Sn
Life time measurements after 34Si fragmentation
Symmetry along the N=Z line: 69Br
Collective modes and E1 strength distribution: 68Ni
g-RISING
stopped beams starting in February

38. Nuclear Matter Physics with 35-45 GeV/u HI beams
The Future International Facility at GSI: FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Nuclear Matter Physics with
35-45 GeV/u HI beams
UNILAC
SIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESR
Super
NESR CR
RESR
Nuclear Str. & Astrophysics
with radioactive beams
Plasma Physics
with compressed
ion beams & high-
intensity (petawatt)
laser
Hadron Physics
with antiprotons
High EM Field (HI)
Fundamental Studies (HI & p)
Applications (HI)
100 m