1. Italy’s University System
Peppe Canullo
Università Politecnica delle Marche
Euforia Workshop
Prishtina 3° March, 2017

2. Tertiary education in Italy still lags behind western standards
Percentage of years old by level of tertiary education, (2015)
Short Cycle
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
Total
France 17 12 15
0,6 45
Germany 13
0,9 30
Italy 10
0,4 25
Spain 11
0,3 41 UK 8 28
1,0 49
USA
1,2 47
OECD average 21 14
0,7 42
EU22 average 5 18 16 40
Source: OECD, Education at a glance

3. For several reasons
Because the percentage of young people who attain a secondary education diploma is smaller than in other countries;
Among the latter the percentage that enroll and get a first level tertiary degree is lower, partially because in Italy short tertiary education is not developed;
However the percentage of first level graduates who get a second level tertiary degree is higher

4. % that attained a seconday school diploma
Population years old , (2015)
% that attained a seconday school diploma
% of (a) that attained a 1° level degree
% of (b) that attained a 2° level degree
(a)
(b)
France 87
51,6
29,6
Germany
33,9
38,7
Italy 74
33,8
44,6
Spain 66
62,4
26,9 UK 85
57,7
21,7
USA 90
51,4
18,7
OECD average 84
50,0
27,1
EU22 average
47,1
34,7
Source: OECD, Education at a glance

5. Demand of tertiary education is struggling
Population years is decreasing;
Partially compensated by an increasing number of those getting a seconday school diploma;
However, the % of the latter enrolling to tertiary education is decreasing, because of the Italian economic crisis and the sluggish labour market perspectives for graduates

7. The supply of tertiary education in Italy is mostly public
University degrees in Italy have «legal value».
And as such university programs must adhere to the strict rules dictated by the Ministry of Education.
Although non-state Universities are almost a third of the total their share of students is just about 9%.

9. The Bologna process and an enhanced autonomy for Universities
In 1999 the legislation implementing the Bologna process (3+2+3) gave ample autonomy to Universities to set up and experiment the new degree programs;
This led Universities to set up programs for which they didn’t have enough internal teaching resources, hiring external contract professors

10. Universities reined in
With the aim of improving the quality of degree programs and limiting expenditure,
In 2007 a new legislation was passed tightening the requirements of number of structured professors to set up degree programs;
The result was a steady decline of the number of programs offered

11. Number of Active Degree Programs by Level

12. TEACHING
Teaching (and research) are done mostly by tenured academic staff.
Tenured personnel usually teach 2 or more courses.
Universities can stipulate teaching contracts with post-doc, retired academics and professionals. Contract prof. can’t teach more than 1 course per year.

15. University Revenue: seven years of lean kine

16. Classification of Revenue
Fondo di finanziamento ordinario(FFO);
Entrate finalizzate da MIUR;
Entrate finalizzate da altri
Entrate derivanti dall’Alienazione di beni patrimoniali e prestiti;
Entrate diverse (ottenute come differenza tra le entrate totali e la somma delle altre macrovoci sopraccitate).

17. Evolution of revenue by category

18. Evolution of Expenditure

19. Evolution of Expenditure by category

20. The FFO The FFO is divided into:
A basic sum, Increasingly on the basis of the standard cost per student
A premium quota (30%) linked to the assessment of the research results and to the quality of hired academics and other quality indicators
And a small part (about 8%) linked to specific objectives set up by the ministry.

21. Difference between FFO 2015 and theoretical FFO applying the new criteria

22. Sustainability
A law of 2012 set up criteria of economic and financial sustainability for all universities:
Personnel expenditure can’t exceed 80% of the sum of FFO and students tuition fees
The indebtness indicator is calculated as the ratio of depreciation over FFO and student’s fees minus personnel expenditure. The limit is 15%.

23. Thank you