1. The White Man’s Burden

2. List three things that the term White Man’s Burden could mean.

3. Definition:
The responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture and religion (Christianity) to non-white people; Justification for European colonization
Title to a poem published in 1899

4. Spanish American War Cuba Treaty of Paris Jose Marti Teller Amendment
Rough Riders
Who were they? What did they do?
Treaty of Paris
Spain gave the U.S….
Platt Amendment
Puerto Rico
Insular Cases
Philippines
Guam
In exchange for 20 million

5. Anti- Imperialist League
Formed in opposition to annexing the Philippines
Reasons
Economic- Does imperialism mutually benefit each side economically?
Legal- Is imperialism constitutional?
Racial- Why is the U.S. only out to conquer nation’s with darker skin?
Moral- Is it moral to completely disregard another person’s culture?
Notable members: Mark Twain, Samuel Gompers, and Andrew Carnegie

6. Background: Spanish American War: Philippines (1898)
Treaty of Paris signed in Dec. of 1898
Philippines declared itself an independent republic (Jan 1899)
“White Man’s Burden” published (Feb 1899)
U.S. Senate approves the Treaty of Paris (Feb 1899)
1900
1898
1902

8. “The White Man’s Burden” By: Rudyard Kipling
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest (The end for others sought) Watch sloth and heathen folly Bring all your hope to nought.
Take up the White Man's burden-- No iron rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-- The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go, make them with your living And mark them with your dead. Take up the White Man's burden, And reap his old reward-- The blame of those ye better The hate of those ye guard-- The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-- "Why brought ye us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?" Take up the White Man's burden-- Ye dare not stoop to less-- Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloak your weariness. By all ye will or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent sullen peoples Shall weigh your God and you. Take up the White Man's burden! Have done with childish days-- The lightly-proffered laurel, The easy ungrudged praise: Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers.
“The White Man’s Burden” By: Rudyard Kipling

9. Author: Rudyard Kipling
Grew up in India; Education in England
Spent time in the United States
Wrote the Jungle Book (1894)
Published “White Man’s Burden” (Feb )

10. Positive response:
“Rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansive point of view.”

11. Critical Responses: Other Poems
“The Poor Man’s Burden” by George McNeill, March 1899
“The Real White Man’s Burden” by Ernest Howard Crosby, April 1899
“The Black Man’s Burden” by H.T. Johnson, April 1899

12. Responses: Political Cartoons
“The White (?) Man’s Burden,” Life Magazine, 1899.
“Uncle Sam: I don’t like the job, Rudyard, my boy!” Denver Post, 1900.

13. Responses: Political Cartoons Con’t
“What the U.S. Has Fought For,” 1914.

14. Responses: Advertisements

16. Teddy Roosevelt and his “Big Stick” Policy
TR president in 1901
Believed that it is the president’s job to speak boldly
“bully pulpit”
Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
“preventive intervention”
United could play the “policeman” of the Caribbean
Take over customhouses
Pay off debts
Keep Europeans AWAY

17. Con’t Teddy Japan v. Russia (Russo-Japanese War)
Secret peace negotiations in 1905
In style, on a yacht
Left both sides resentful
Japanese in the United States
Discrimination
Segregation in school
Gentleman’s Agreement
Repeal segregation in exchange for Tokyo withholding passports
Great White Fleet, 1907
Done to impress Latin America countries, and countries in the Pacific- particularly Japan
Root-Takahira agreement
1908- Respect territory/ uphold the Open Door in China

18. Open Door Note and John Hay
Summer- 1899
John Hay’s Open Door Note
What did the Open Door Note do?
Boxer Rebellion

19. Spheres of Influence in China- 1900

21. Panama Canal Waterway in a Latin American country
Would make defense easier… strengthen navy
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Concession by Britain for U.S. to build a canal in 1901
Columbia v. Panama
The New Panama Canal Company
Phillippe Bunau Varilla
Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
Panama, 10 miles wide, 40 million

23. Foreign Policy Teddy Roosevelt Taft Just discussed on pervious slides
Dollar Diplomacy
Manchuria (China) rejected
Caribbean

24. Beginnings of Progressivism
Giving power back to the people from the corrupt
What movements have we seen before this time that mirror this philosophy?
What groups of people were considered progressives during this time?

25. “Any fool can destroy trees
“Any fool can destroy trees. They cannot run away; and if they could, they would still be destroyed -- chased and hunted down as long as fun or a dollar could be got out of their bark hides, branching horns, or magnificent bole backbones. Few that fell trees plant them; nor would planting avail much towards getting back anything like the noble primeval forests. ... It took more than three thousand years to make some of the trees in these Western woods -- trees that are still standing in perfect strength and beauty, waving and singing in the mighty forests of the Sierra. Through all the wonderful, eventful centuries ... God has cared for these trees, saved them from drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand straining, leveling tempests and floods; but he cannot save them from fools -- only Uncle Sam can do that.” John Muir - Our National Parks (1901) chapter 10.

26. “We have become great because of the lavish use of our resources
“We have become great because of the lavish use of our resources. But the time has come to inquire seriously what will happen when our forests are gone, when the coal, the iron, the oil, and the gas are exhausted, when the soils have still further impoverished and washed into the streams, polluting the rivers, denuding the fields and obstructing navigation.” Teddy Roosevelt

27. "When I came home not a single acre of Government, state, or private timberland was under systematic forest management anywhere on the most richly timbered of all continents....When the Gay Nineties began, the common word for our forests was "inexhaustible." To waste timber was a virtue and not a crime. There would always be plenty of timber....The lumbermen...regarded forest devastation as normal and second growth as a delusion of fools....And as for sustained yield, no such idea had ever entered their heads. The few friends the forest had were spoken of, when they were spoken of at all, as impractical theorists, fanatics, or "denudatics," more or less touched in the head. What talk there was about forest protection was no more to the average American that the buzzing of a mosquito, and just about as irritating.“
Gifford Pinchot
(From Breaking New Ground, Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1998, page 27.)

28. Conservation Before Teddy After Teddy Taft
Desert Land Act of 1877 (purchaser must irrigate soil within three years)
Forest Reserve Act 1891 (Lets the president set aside lands for national parks)
Carey Act 1894 (federal land to states- had to be irrigated and settled)
After Teddy
Newlands Act 1902 (Collect money from sale of public lands and use for irrigation projects)
Roosevelt Dam
Taft
Bureau of Mines (control of natural resources)
Taft dismissed Pinchot from the Division of Forestry
Backlash

29. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire- 1911 Worker’s Comp by 1917 in 30 states

31. Court cases in favor of workers:
Muller v. Oregon
Lochner v. New York
hour day for bakers in New York
1917 applied to all workers
Teddy’s Square Deal for Labor
First test: mine owners v. workers
Threatened to seize mines and operate them federally
First time government went against capital
Compromised in the end (10% pay raise and 9 hour day)

32. I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.
-Upton Sinclair

34. Political Reforms in the City
Why does socialism not work in U.S.?
Social classes not as obvious
Western frontier- can remove yourself, if willing to make it on your own
High standard of living
If you are not starving, you will probably be satisfied with capitalism
Had more equality from the outset (before industrial rev.)

35. Corporations: Trustbusting
Teddy Roosevelt
Taft
Elkins Act heavy fines on railroads and the shippers (if there were unfair rebates)
90 suits against trusts during his 4 years as president
40 suits against “bad” trusts- out to prove that fed. Government was superior to private business… believed regulation was key.
Standard Oil Company and U.S. Steel
Northern Securities Company

37. Election of 1912 Teddy Roosevelt National Progressive Party
(Bull Moose Party)
William Howard Taft
Republican Party
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic Party
Eugene Debs
Socialist Party

39. The Wilson Pie BANKS TARIFF WAR TRUSTS MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY FARMERS
AFRICAN AMERICANS
AND WOMEN
LABORERS

40. PROGRESSIVISM: What does it mean to you
PROGRESSIVISM: What does it mean to you? How progressive was Progressivism in the early 1900s?