1. US-Japan Security Cooperation: Implications for Greater Science and Technology Collaboration
Robin “Sak” Sakoda
Armitage International, L.C.
2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 601
Arlington, Virginia
May 25, 2006

2. Constraints and Limitations
Constitution of Japan (Peace Constitution), 1947
Relevant Section: Article IX
See:

3. CHAPTER II: Renunciation of War
Article IX, Paragraph 1
Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.

4. CHAPTER II: Renunciation of War Article IX, Paragraph 2
In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.

5. Constraints and Limitations (continued)
Policy
Three Non-Nuclear Principles
Sato Cabinet, 1967,
Three Principles on Arms Exports
Prohibition on Collective Self-Defense

6. Collective Self-Defense
UN Charter Chapter VII, Article 51:
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations . . .
See:

7. Government of Japan Defense Policy to Defense Planning
National Defense Program Outline
1976, 1995, 2004
Strategy/Force
Budget/Programs
Bilateral Defense Cooperation
1978 and 1997

8. Milestones and Turning Points
Japan-US Security Treaty, January 1960
Article V
Each Party recognizes that an armed attack against either Party in the territories under the administration of Japan would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional provisions and processes. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Council of the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of the Charter. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.

9. Milestones and Turning Points (cont.)
Statement of Chief Cabinet Secretary on Transfer of Military Technologies to the United States, January 14, 1983,
Agreement Concerning Japanese Participation in Research for the Strategic Defense Initiative, 1987
No document on web, see: “Guidelines for Increase of U.S. -Japanese Defense Technology Cooperation” by Gregg A. Rubinstein, Heritage Foundation, Asian Studies Backgrounder #70, October 26, 1987,
U.S.-Japan Bilateral Study on Ballistic Missile Defense, October 1994
No document on web, see: “Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Ballistic Missile Defense: Issues and Prospects.” By Richard Cronin, Congressional Research Service, March 19, 2002,

10. Milestones and Turning Points (cont.)
Japan-US Joint Declaration on Security Alliance for the 21st Century, April 17, 1996,
The SACO Final Report, December 2, 1996
Joint Statement US-Japan Security Consultative Committee: Completion of the Review of the Guidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation, September 1997
Report to Congress on Theater Missile Defense (TMD) Architecture Options for the Asia-Pacific Region, 1999

11. Milestones and Turning Points (cont.)
Statement by the Chief Cabinet Secretary on the New National Defense Program Outline, December 1995
Chief Cabinet Secretary Statement on Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), December 2003
Chief Cabinet Secretary Statement on National Defense Program Guideline (NDPG), December 2004
National Defense Program Guidelines, December 2004

12. Japan – US Alliance US-Japan Security Consultative Committee (SCC)
The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership (Armitage Report), October 2000
US-Japan Security Consultative Committee (SCC)

13. Japan-US Alliance
Joint Statement of the U.S.-Japan Security Consultative Committee, February 19, 2005
United States-Japan Roadmap for Realignment Implementation, May 1, 2006

14. New Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG) - December 2004
We will incorporate the outcome of science and technological progress, in such areas as information and communications technologies, into our defense forces. In particular, we will develop the command and control systems and agile intelligence sharing systems that are indispensable for joint operation, in tune with information and communication technologies available at home and overseas. In addition, we will create advanced systems for command and communications and a network for information and communications, with sufficient protection against possible cyber attacks, to enhance operational and organizational efficiency.
See:

15. Roadblocks in Alliance
US-Japan Industry-to-Industry competition
Plan Japan Out

16. Japan’s Assets and Strengths
Second Largest Economy
Management
Quality
Advanced Science & Technology
Key US ally in Asia and the globe
Defense Requirements – as US ally
Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR)

17. Things to Do
General Security Of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA)
Followed by a bilateral agreement covering the full scope of government
Third Party Transfer Arrangement
Framework for US-Japan Industry cooperation
US to engage Japanese industry