1. The Workings of the Mind & Body
Unit 3 Chapters 6-7-8
The Workings of the Mind & Body

2. Chapter 6
Body & Behavior

3. Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Brain & Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic
Control voluntary muscles
Autonomic
Control Involuntary muscles
Sympathetic
Expends Energy
Parasympathetic
Conservers Energy

4. Peripheral Nervous System:
This is made up of all the nerve fibers running TO and FROM the CNS
Together they act to Connect & Coordinate between the Sense Organs and Muscles & Glands
Nerve impulses travel across nerve cells:

5. Neuron – Nerve Cells – Billions in our bodies:
They vary in size from 4 microns (.004 mm) to 100 microns (0.1 mm) in diameter. Their length varies from a fraction of an inch to several feet

6. Basic Parts of a Neuron:
Dendrites
Short, thick fibers which receives the nerve impulses & sends them to the cell body
Cell Body
Contains neuron’s chromosomes; also provides energy for its activities
Axon
Long fiber carries impulses from cell body to the next neuron
Myelin Sheath
White, fatty substance that protects & insulates the axon
Multiple Sclerosis destroys the myelin sheath and causes people to suffer with erratic & uncoordinated behavior.

7. Neuron Diagrams:

8. Neuron Views:

9. The Connection: Synapse
Point at which two neurons meet – No physical connection; only a chemical one
A nerve impulse travels between 10 and 390 feet per second or between 20 and 200 miles per hour.

10. Synapse:

11. Messages are conducted by chemicals called Neurotransmitters:
These chemicals either Excite the next neuron or Inhibit it.
They are like valves – allowing information to flow in one direction
Norepinephrine
Memory & Learning
Endorphin
Inhibits Pain
Acetylcholine
Movement & memory (Linked to Alzheimer’s)
Dopamine
Learning, Emotional Arousal & Movement, “Rewards”
Serotonin
Behavior & memory

12. Neurotransmitters:

13. Neuron Activity: Either ON or OFF
Ascending Tracts carry information to the Brain
Afferent Neurons
Carry Sensory (Eye, Ear, Nose, Skin) information to the Brain
Descending Tracts carry Motor Impulses from the Brain
Efferent Neurons
Carry Motor signals to the Glands or Muscles
Interneurons carry impulses between neurons

14. Neuron Types:

15. Voluntary & Involuntary Activities:
Somatic NS
Activities that you control
Running
Lifting
Carrying
Autonomic NS:
That which controls activities that occur without our control
Heartbeat
Digestion
Eye blinking
Sympathic NS
Prepares our bodies for emergencies or strenuous activity
“Fight or Flight”
Parasympathic NS
Helps us recover from strenuous activity

16. Sympathic & Parasympathic Nervous Systems

18. It can be found on the Wiki page.
Structure
Sympathetic Stimulation
Parasympathetic Stimulation
Iris (eye muscle)
Pupil dilation
Pupil constriction
Salivary Glands
Saliva production reduced
Saliva production increased
Oral/Nasal Mucosa
Mucus production reduced
Mucus production increased
Heart
Heart rate and force increased
Heart rate and force decreased
Lung
Bronchial muscle relaxed
Bronchial muscle contracted
Stomach
Peristalsis reduced
Gastric juice secreted; motility increased
Small Intestine
Motility reduced
Digestion increased
Large Intestine
Secretions and motility increased
Liver
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose
Kidney
Decreased urine secretion
Increased urine secretion
Adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine and epinephrine secreted
Bladder
Wall relaxed Sphincter closed
Wall contracted Sphincter relaxed
This is Chart 4.1
It can be found on the Wiki page.