1. Land and Water Formations
Physical features
Land and Water Formations

2. Continental divide
a divide separating river systems that flow to opposite sides of a continent (usually, but not always a mountain range)
Example: The Rocky Mountains make up much of the Great continental divide of North America.
NOTE: If a continent is surrounded by more than 2 bodies of water, there can be more than one continental divide.

3. A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In some rare cases a river could flow into the ground and dry up completely at the end of its course, without reaching another body of water. Small rivers may be called by several other names, including stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for generic terms, such as river, as applied to geographic features.
A tributary is a river or stream that flows INTO a larger river.
A river begins at a source (or more often several sources) and ends at a mouth, following a path called a course. The water in a river is usually confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider floodplain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Floodplains may be very wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and floodplain can be blurred, especially in urban areas where the floodplain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.

4. Rivers can flow down mountains, through valleys (depressions) or along plains, and can create canyons or gorges.
The term upriver (or upstream) refers to the direction towards the source of the river, i.e. against the direction of flow. Likewise, the term downriver (or downstream) describes the direction towards the mouth of the river, in which the current flows.
Example: Nile – At 4,135 miles long, the Nile is the longest river in the world. It is located in the continent of Africa, mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan. It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. 

5. archipelago
An archipelago is a group of islands closely scattered in a body of water. Usually, this body of water is the ocean, but it can also be a lake or river.
Example:
The Hawaiian Islands

6. A bay is a body of water partially surrounded by land
A bay is a body of water partially surrounded by land. A bay is usually smaller and less enclosed than a gulf. The mouth of the bay, where meets the ocean or lake, is typically wider than that of a gulf.  In naming bays and gulfs, people have not always made these distinctions. The Persian Gulf, for example, is much smaller than Hudson Bay, Canada.
Bays vs gulfs vs sounds
sound A sound is a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline; it often separates a coastline from a nearby island.
gulf A gulf is a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay).
A bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf).
Example: Puget Sound

7. Escarpment
An escarpment is an area of the Earth where elevation changes suddenly. Escarpment usually refers to the bottom of a cliff or a steep slope. (Scarp refers to the cliff itself.) Escarpments separate two level land surfaces. For example, an escarpment could be the area separating the lower parts of the coast from higher plateaus. An escarpment also usually indicates two different types of land, such as the area on a rocky beach where tall cliffs become rocky sand.