1. Innovations in Employment
Assuring that “Employment for All” means all persons with disabilities
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2. An evolution of concepts leading to employment
Serving the Best – Creaming
“Hire the Handicapped” – Altruism
Train and Place – Training “job ready” applicants to meet employer’s demands
Place and Train – Using employment supports to meet employer’s demands
Job Carving – Removing difficult tasks from job descriptions
Unbundling demand – Negotiating jobs that meet employer needs/benefits
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3. Employment Innovations
Customized Employment
Discovery
Visual Resumes
Employer Needs Analysis
Seven Phase Sequence
Reviving Job Analysis
Work Task Personal Assistance
On the Horizon: Personal Digital Support
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4. But what about Jennie, a young woman who never considered a working life much less what she might want to do?
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5. She was employed at a logistics company for a year and a half…
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6. Jenni now works at a local gas company using customized supported employment…
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7. Clarifying Supported Employment and Customized Employment
The concepts are compatible but distinct and they come from the same value set – to assure access to employment for persons with significant disabilities. There has been confusion as to the distinctions between these two valuable approaches.
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8. Supported Employment
Essentially, SE provides post employment support to employees and employers who are felt to need additional support to achieve employment success. In typical Rehab practice, supported employment is referred to competitive in that open demands of employers are being met.
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9. Supported Employment Often focuses on open jobs
Provides job coaches to assist both employees and employers
Most funded supports occur post employment
Pre-employment supports and services are not stipulated in statute
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10. Customized Employment
Essentially, CE provides a set of services prior to employment that are designed to tailor the employment relationship in ways that meet both job seeker and employer needs/benefits. CE attempts to avoid the barriers created by job descriptions by unbundling demands through voluntary negotiations with employers.
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11. Customized Employment
According to US/DOL:
Customized employment means individualizing the employment relationship between employees and employers in ways that meet the needs of both.
It is based on an individualized determination of the strengths, needs, and interests of the person with a disability, and is also designed to meet the specific needs of the employer.
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12. Unbundling demand
Employers have typically met needs by bundling demands into job descriptions.
Job seekers with complex lives often don’t have the “whole package” to offer.
Customized Employment allows employers to “unbundle” demand and to take advantage of discrete competencies.
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13. Areas of Employer Benefit
Unmet Workplace Needs:
This area focuses on tasks that need to get done but are not getting done in the way the employer would like. It also can include tasks that have not been performed but need to be.
Tasks better performed by others:
This area focuses on aspects of jobs that might better be performed by others at a lower pay grade. This option can directly save money for employers.
Specific benefit to enhance business:
This area focuses on workplace needs for additional productivity in specific tasks. It must be matched with job seeker’s specific competencies.
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14. Competitive Employment Customized Employment
The Employment Matrix
Competitive Employment
Customized Employment
There are job seekers who will not need either SE or CE to become employed and to stay employed
There are job seekers who will need CE to become employed but will not need SE to stay employed
There are job seekers who will not need CE to become employed but who will need SE to stay employed
There are job seekers who will need both CE to become employed and SE to stay employed
Natural Supports and Reasonable Accommodation only
Supported Employment and Natural Supports
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15. Multiple Source job: Local radio station
Tasks from:
Reception
DJs
Advertising
Station manager
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16. Multiple Source Job: Performing various jobs within a music store – set-up, cleaning…
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17. Discovery
“Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different”
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (Nobel Prize winner who discovered Vitamin C)
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18. The role of discovery
Discovery provides, in a non-traditional, common-sense form, the information needed to determine the strengths, needs, and interests* of any person with complex life issues.
This is accomplished by simply addressing the question, “Who is this person?”
* From DOL/ODEP definition
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19. We are all like pieces in a complex jig-saw puzzle
Co-workers
Educators
Self-concept
Parents
Extended family/relatives
Old friends
Activities &
Experiences
Close friends
Professionals in our lives
Who is this person?
Community members

20. Discovery finds the pieces and puts them together
This is who I am.
Profile

21. Discovery = Translation
The finesse of discovery is to identify typical aspects of life and to translate those activities into Conditions for success, Interests toward employment and potential Contributions to be offered to employers.
Discovery is essentially an activity of translation.

22. Observation of a task of life
Carrying a plant to the family van

23. Translated to a work task
Materials handling

24. The Visual Resume
The Visual Resume offers an alternative when applicants do not have persuasive written resumes and experiences.
This resume is a form of a “visual portfolio” that introduces job seekers who need customized employment to potential employers.
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25. Jenni Guthrie

26. Jenni is a recent graduate of Ocean Springs High School…

27. She has a strong work ethic that started with performing family chores…

28. In school she helped out in the cafeteria…

29. And in the local library…

30. She was also employed at VL Logistics for a year and a half…

31. Her job involved preparation of US Navy baseball caps for an embroidery machine…

32. Jenni Guthrie is: The daughter of Foley and Sheree Ransom.
A 1999 graduate of Ocean Springs High School with a Special Education diploma.
A member of St. John’s Episcopal Church
A life-long resident of Ocean Springs.
A young woman who wants to stay and work in her local community.

33. Jenni is looking for an employer who has needs in the following areas:
Material/product delivery
Envelope stuffing
Stapling/stamping
Production tasks
Packing, unpacking, labeling
Sorting/folding
Putting things up/straightening
Material sorting
Recycling
Assisting/helping

34. Employer Needs Analysis
Unmet Workplace Needs:
This area focuses on tasks that need to get done but are not getting done in the way the employer would like. It also can include tasks that have not been performed but need to be.
Tasks better performed by others:
This area focuses on aspects of jobs that might better be performed by others at a lower pay grade. This option can directly save money for employers.
Specific benefit to enhance business:
This area focuses on workplace needs for additional productivity in specific tasks. It must be matched with job seeker’s specific competencies.
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35. Employer Needs Analysis
Each unique workplace has needs
Job Developer
During Job Development, the Job Developer negotiates to perform a Needs Analysis
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36. Employer Needs Analysis: During each employer contact
An Employer Needs Analysis most often negotiated during job development. The analysis typically occurs on the second or third interaction with an employer and often follows the tour of the business.
A Needs Analysis may take from 1 – 3 hours or more to conduct, depending on the number of workplace areas to be examined and the size of the business.
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37. Using a Needs Analysis Form
Observations of Employees: Frequency Unmet Unbundled Benefit to Need Task Employer 1. Stocking salad bar (C) 30 min. X 2. Cleaning salad bar (C) 15 min. X 3. Specialty salad prep (C) 3/day X 4. Searching for misfiled documents (B) 30 min. X 5. Copying records (R) 10/week X 6. Assisting with excess copying (B) 2/day X 7. Making coffee (B/R) 3/day X 8. Answering phone during lunch (B) 1/day for 1 hr. X 9. Preparing certified 20/week X letters (B)
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38. Job Analysis
Job Analysis involves a cultural analysis of an employment setting as a starting point for preparation of a supported employment job. Job analysis begins during discovery and continues during job development. It culminates after the job has been negotiated.
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39. Formal Job Analysis
The formal job analysis is performed after an employer agrees to a customized job description for an applicant with a disability. However, the job analysis begins by focusing on the ways, means and people of the work setting before considering the potential need for accommodations, modifications and specialized support needs of the employee.
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40. Job Analysis: Starts with the Employer
The provision systematic instruction within community work places requires the maintenance of a carefully balanced equation in which powerful forces must be acknowledged and finessed:
Natural Features of the Work Setting and,
Individual Learner Needs
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41. The Seven Phase Sequence The Complete “Roadmap”
Determine Natural Ways
7. Adapt/Modify Natural Ways
No?
2. Determine Natural Means
6. Suggest more effective Natural Means
No?
3. Identify Natural People
5. Support/Substitute for Natural People
? ?
4. Facilitate Successful Performance
No?
Yes? Proceed to new task(s)
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42. Work Task Personal Assistance versus Job Coaching
Job Coaching is distinguished from Workplace Personal Assistance by the intent of the supports.
Work Task Personal Assistance providers perform aspects of work tasks the participant is unable to do without assistance without fading.
Job Coaching is intended to teach the individual to perform the work tasks independently and then fade.
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43. Work Task Personal Assistance
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44. Work Task Personal Assistance
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