1. History of Neurology Eric Kandel MD 1929-Present May 22, 2017
KUMC Neurology Morning Report
Richard J. Barohn, MD
May 22, 2017

2. Eric Kandel MD Biography
YEAR
ACHIEVEMENT
1929
B. Vienna, Austria
Mother born in Ukraine/Father Galicia
Moved to Vienna after WW1/ assimilated Jews
1938
Fled Vienna to Brooklyn when annexed by Germany/Nazis
He observed Kristallnacht
Judaic studies (Yeshiva)and Erasmus Hall High School
Harvard University-History and Literature
became interested in learning & memory
New York University Med School, exposed to Stephen Kuffler/neuron experiments in marine invertebrates
Learned from Stanley Crain how to make intracellular microelectrodes to record crawfish giant axons
Eric Kandel MD Biography

3. Eric Kandel MD Biography
Year
Achievments
1957
NIH Record from hippocampus neurons/intracellular
Residency in psychiatry, studied psychoanalysis
1962
Paris; studied Aplysia Californica under Ladislav Tauc
1965
Published first paper about learning Aplysia
Faculty in Physiology and Psychiatry Depts. NYU
1966
James Schwartz joined; biochemical changes assoc w/ learning
1971
Tom Carew joined team. Short and long term memory
1973
Dept Psychiatry Columbia Univ
1983
Formed Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute at Columbia devoted to molecular neural science
Eric Kandel MD Biography

4. Eric Kandel, MD Aplysia Learning
In Psychiatry residency began plan to study memory and learning
Select simple animal model to do electrophysiologic analysis of synaptic changes of learning and memory storage
In Paris studying Aplysia: simple learning such as habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning
Could be demonstrated in Aplysia
Neurons 1mm wide
Sensory cells detect danger and send signals to motor neurons (6)
Snails breathe by exposing gills, covered by siphon
Stimulus cause muscles around gill to pull gill and siphon back
He studied this circuit
As snail learned to avoid shocks, its nervous system changed: enhancing synaptic connections, more powerful connections recorded by microelectrodes
First evidence that learning led to neuro plastic strengthening of connections between neurons
Repeated shocks - sensitization and learned fear/over-react to more benign stimuli (like anxiety in humans)
Gently touching siphon- habituation

5. Eric Kandel, MD Aplysia & Molecular Basis of Learning/Memory
With Carew at NYU then Columbia demonstrated short and long term memory
With Schwartz showed long term memory associated with synthesis of cAMP(second messenger)
Serotonin (first messenger) involved in molecular basis of sensitization of gill-withdrawal reflex
With Greengard, found protein kinase A was activated by CAMP and K channel regulated by PKA
Nuclear target of PKA is gene for transcriptional control protein CREB (CAMP response element binding protein
CREB is a protein involved in long term memory storage
CREB activation increases number of synaptic connections
Short term memory - functional changes in existing synapses
Long-term memory - change in number of synaptic connections

6. Eric Kandel, MD Learning & Memory
Same process discovered in Aplysia probably occurs in humans:
When we learn we alter which genes in our neurons are turned on
Our genes shape us
When we learn our minds also affect which genes in our neurons are transcribed. Thus we can shape our genes, which in turn shape our brains microscopic anatomy, Kandel believes psychotherapy changes people
“Through learning and by producing changes in gene expression that alter the strength of synaptic connections, and structural changes that alter the anatomical pattern of interconnections between nerve cells and brain"
Eric R. Kandel - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014
15 May 2017.

7. Eric Kandel, MD
He observed Kristallnach, the "night of broken glass" when Nazis destroyed all the synagogues in the German Reich including Austria
His father was arrested/ Jews evicted from homes
"I remember Kristalnacht even today, more than sixty years later, almost as if it were yesterday. I fell two days after my ninth birthday, on which i was showered with toys from my fathers shop (he owned a toy shop). When we returned to our apartment a week or so having been evicted, everything of value was gone, including my toys. It is probably futile, even for some trained in psycoanalyatic thinking as I am, to attempt to trace the complex interests and actions of my later life to a few selected experiences in my youth. Nevertheless I cannot help but think that the experiences of my sat year in Vienna helped to determine my later interests in the mind, in how people behave, the unpredictability of motivation, and the persistence of memory... I am struck as others have been, at how deeply these traumatic events of my childhood became burned into memory".
Eric R. Kandel - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014.
15 May 2017.

8. Awards Dickson Prize Lasker Award
1983
Dickson Prize
Lasker Award
1987
Gardner Foundation International Award
1988
National Medal of Science
1993
Harvey Prize
1999
Wolf Prize in Medicine
2000
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2005
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Eric R. Kandel after receiving his Nobel Prize from his Majesty the king of at the Stockholm Concern Hall 2000

9. Eric Kandel MD Nobel Prize 2000
He said it was "certainly not an Austrian NObel, it was a Jewish-American Nobel“
Austrian President called him to say "how can we make things right?"
He said rename a street in Vienna named after Karl Luger, an anti-Semite (was renamed in 2012)
He wanted the Jewish intellectual community to be brought back to Vienna with scholarships for Jewish students and researchers
He proposed a symposium to respond to one on Austrian National Socialism
He since accepted an honorary citizenship of Vienna and participates in cultural and academic life in Vienna

10. Habituation and Dishabituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia
Science ;(3926):

11. Principles of Neural Science, Kandel & Colleagues Fifth Edition (2012)

12. Principles of Neural Science

13. Principles of Neural Science, Kandel & Colleagues Fifth Edition (2012

14. Principles of Neural Science, Kandel & Colleagues Fifth Edition (2012

15. Eric Kandel-The Age of Insight (2012)
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer by Gustav Klimt (1907)
In Neue Galerie, NYC

16. Eric Kandel-The Age of Insight (2012)

17. Eric Kandel-The Age of Insight (2012)
The Kiss by Gustav Klimt ( )

18. Eric Kandel-The Age of Insight (2012)

19. My Notes From Kandel lecture (Cambridge 1982)

20. An extra hour: sleeps until 7:30 am
Creatures of Habit: same breakfast. Half grapefruit and cup coffee and oatmeal; read NYT Jog the memory: work out at home: stretches; push ups, walk 15 min treadmill; lifts weight for an hour with trainer
Joy of separate Bathrooms
Light Lunch: banana, yogurt, or a vegetable soup
Shared passion: go to museums:
Neue Galerie/ Met/Moma/ Guggenheim
Stroll mates: walk through Riverside Park 116th street to 96th street
Family dinner: Denise cooks; Eric cleans up. Granddaughter and Son and family come by
In Sync: at 9 to respective studies to work for an hour "Some people relax by watching TV, my equivalent of TV is writing”
We meet in bedroom at 10:30 pm