1. Substance-Related Disorders
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2. What Is Addiction?
Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Although the initial decision to take the addictive substance is voluntary for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge a person’s self control and ability to resist intense impulses urging them to use the drug.
Source: NIDA <
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3. Is Drug Addiction a Mental Disorder?
Yes. Addiction changes the brain in fundamental ways, disturbing a person’s normal hierarchy of needs and desires and substituting new priorities connected with procuring and using the drug. The resulting compulsive behaviors that weaken the ability to control impulses, despite the negative consequences, are similar to hallmarks of other mental illnesses.
Source: InfoFacts <
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4. Many Factors Involved in Addiction
Drug addiction shares many features with other chronic illnesses, including
a tendency to run in families (heritability),
an onset and course that is influenced by environmental conditions and behavior, and
the ability to respond to appropriate treatment, which may include long-term lifestyle modification.
Source: NIDA <drugabuse.gov>
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5. Continuum of Use Use Misuse Abuse Dependence Addiction
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6. Substance Abuse
The essential feature of abuse is a pattern of substance use that causes someone to experience harmful consequences. Clinicians diagnose substance abuse if, in a twelve-month period, a person is in one or more of the following situations related to drug use:
Failure to meet obligations, such as missing work or school.
Engaging in reckless activities, such as driving while intoxicated.
Encountering legal troubles, such as getting arrested.
Continuing to use despite personal problems, such as a fight with a partner.
Source: HBO: Addiction <
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7. Substance Dependence
Dependence is more severe. Medical professionals will look for three or more criteria from a set that includes two physiological factors and five behavioral patterns, again, over a twelve-month period. Tolerance and withdrawal alone are not enough to indicate dependence. And not all behavioral signs occur with every substance.
Source: HBO: Addiction <
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8. Substance Dependence The physiological factors are –
Tolerance, in which a person needs more of a drug to achieve intoxication.
Withdrawal, in which they experience mental or physical symptoms after stopping drug use.
Source: HBO: Addiction <
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9. Substance Dependence The behavioral patterns are –
Being unable to stop once using starts.
Exceeding self-imposed limits.
Curtailing time spent on other activities.
Spending excessive time using or getting drugs.
Taking a drug despite deteriorating health.
Source: HBO: Addiction <
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

10. Substance-related disorders have an impact on the quality of life for people worldwide.
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11. Disability-adjusted life year for drug use disorders per 100,000 inhabitants.
Mortality and Burden of Disease estimates for WHO member states in 2002 ( ) Combined by Lokal_Profil
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

12. Fast Facts
Youth
A child who reaches age 21 without smoking, abusing alcohol, or using drugs is virtually certain never to do so.
Teens who have seen their parent(s) drunk are more than twice as likely to get drunk in a typical month, and three times likelier to use marijuana and smoke cigarettes.
If a teen is drinking, the odds are that teen is getting drunk – and teens who get drunk are much likelier to try marijuana and hang out with friends who are abusing prescription or illegal drugs.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

13. Fast Facts
Crime
1.5 million of the 2.3 million inmates in the U.S. meet the DSM IV medical criteria for substance abuse or addiction.
Eighty percent of the nation’s adult inmates and juvenile arrestees either committed their offenses while high, stole to buy drugs, violated alcohol or drug laws, had a history of substance abuse/addiction, or shared some mix of these characteristics.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
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14. Fast Facts Cost to Society
For every $100 spent by state governments on substance abuse and addiction, the average spent on prevention, treatment and research was $2.38.
Of every dollar government spends on substance abuse and addiction, 96 cents goes to shovel up the wreckage in crime, healthcare, and other social costs; only 2 cents goes to prevention and treatment.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

15. Fast Facts Women and Girls
Girls and women become addicted to alcohol, nicotine and illegal and prescription drugs, and develop substance-related diseases at lower levels of use and in shorter periods of time than their male counterparts.
High school girls drink, smoke, and use illegal drugs as much as their male classmates.
Alcohol is involved in as many as 73 percent of all rapes and up to 70 percent of all incidents of domestic violence.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
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16. Fast Facts
Marijuana
Almost 10 million 12- to 17-year olds can buy marijuana within a day, and almost four and a half million can buy it within an hour or less.
Since 1992, there has been a 175 percent jump in marijuana potency.
Scientific research suggests possible associations between marijuana use and schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and other mental health problems.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

17. Fast Facts
Tobacco
12- to 17-year olds who smoke are more than five times likelier to drink and 13 times likelier to use marijuana than nonsmokers.
61 million Americans are hooked on cigarettes.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

18. Fast Facts Illegal Drugs/Rx Drugs
Prescription drug abuse is the most rapidly increasing drug abuse among teens.
Five million teens can get prescription drugs to get high within an hour.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.

19. Fast Facts
Alcohol
1 in 4 Americans will have an alcohol or drug problems at some point in their lives.
Underage drinkers and adult pathological drinkers consume between 37.5 percent and 48.8 percent of the value of all alcohol sold in the United States.
The incidence of lifetime alcohol abuse and dependence is greatest for those who begin drinking between the ages of 11 and 14.
90 percent of homeless have alcohol problems; 60 percent abuse other drugs.
Source: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University <casacolumbia.org>
Copyright © Notice: The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas Tech University.