1. New Planning Paradigm
18 April 2013

2. Outlines Recognition of the need for a new paradigm
Integrated policy-making, planning and mobility management
Towards better management of existing transportation features
Integrated planning
Moving from planning and policy to regeneration, repair and renewal.

3. Recognition of the Need for a New Paradigm
The Buchanan Report and Its Critics
Traffic in Towns, “The Buchanan Report”: a 1963 influential report on urban and transport planning policy produced by a team headed by Sir Colin Buchanan.
The report warned of the potential damage caused by the motor car, while offering ways to mitigate it.
It reflected conventional traffic planning with a greater emphasis on protecting town center.

4. Recognition of the Need for a New Paradigm
The Buchanan Report and Its Critics
In response to the Buchanan Report, Town against Traffic, by Stephen Plowden rejected the traffic engineer’s tenet that “all traffic demands should be met”.
It characterized conventional transportation planning as “predict and provide”.
This helped establish the basis for a new paradigm for ST.
The amount of traffic is governed by what is regarded as a tolerable level of congestion.

5. Overview of the New Paradigm
Integrated policy-making, planning and mobility management
Policy integration concerns management of crossing-cutting issues in policy making that transcend the boundaries of established policy fields.
It also includes management policy responsibility within a single organization or sector.
Integrated policy making refers both to horizontal integration between policy sectors and vertical intergovernmental integration in policy-making or combination of both.

6. Towards Better Management of Existing Features
The key is better management and maximization of the benefits of current transportation programs, services and infrastructure.
The solution to a variety of problems:
Road/parking congestion
Increasing facility costs
High accident rates
Energy dependency
Inadequate mobility for non-drivers
Inefficient land use development
Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

7. Towards Better Management of Existing Features
Improving and Expanding Travel Options
Mobility management involves improve performance, security, information, and user comfort for public transportation.
It also supports trip reduction strategies such as telework, teleconferencing, and delivery services.
Provide a wide rage of alternatives to help people avoid the need t use their own car.

8. Towards Better Management of Existing Features
Incentives to Use Efficient Modes
Road Pricing, congestion and distance-based fees.
Transit passes
Transit priority
Worksite amenities
Regulation and cash-out
Fuel and vehicle de-subsidization
Pay-as-you-drive insurance
Driving and vehicle restriction

9. Towards Better Management of Existing Features
Land-use Solutions to Transportation Problem
Transit oriented development
Parking management
Reducing parking requirement
Traffic calming
Car-free planning
Mix-use development and retrofit
More residential options near major employment sources.

10. Towards Better Management of Existing Features
Implementation Programs
Commute trip reduction (CTR)
School/campus transportation program
Mobility management and individualized marketing
Tourist transportation management
Freight transportation management

11. Integrated Planning
Integrated approach ST planning is able to address the following:
Stressing accessibility over mobility
Social equity is an important and realizable planning goal.
Land-use strategies and impacts need to be addressed and accounted for in all planning process.
Market and pricing distortions that fail to take into account the real cost of automobile use and benefits of transit system to non-users.

12. Integrated Planning
Description of the New Paradigm of Integrated Planning
Planning and policy factors
Background factors
Technical and infrastructure factors

13. Integrated Planning Circle 1: Planning and Policy Factors
Critical events
Policy-makers, integrated policy-making and policy adequacy
Citizens and community leaders
Careful analysis of problems, economic evaluation and impacts
Scenario-building and evaluation of all options
Vision of a preferred future: backcasting to inform planning
Appropriate planning structure
Deliberative planning
Good data and effective evaluation
Effective communication

14. Integrated Planning Circle 2: Background Factors
History, heritage culture and values
Geography, topology and climate
Legal and political systems
Social organization
Exiting transport and land use system

15. Integrated Planning Circle 3: Technical and Infrastructure Factors
Appropriate infrastructure and energy sources
Availability of appropriate hardware
Appropriate standards and measurements
Orientation and skill sets of technical personnel
Existing built environment
Technical aspects of environmental impact assessment

16. Regeneration, Repair and Renewal
In order to avoid further damage, three ways of moving from planning and policy to regeneration, repair and renewal include:
RRR of the physical environment
RRR of the social and cultural environment
RRR of governance and decision-making institutions and economic assumptions

17. Regeneration, Repair and Renewal
RRR of the physical environment
Car-free zones
Traffic calming and street/highway reductions
Complete streets
Freeway removal
Restoration of environments destroyed or seriously damaged by auto-based transportation
Rehabilitation of the visual environment
Converting shopping malls to a more compact mixed-use TODs
Redeveloping auto strip malls into “Main Street”
Convert parking lots to parks, residences and mixed-use development

18. Regeneration, Repair and Renewal
RRR of the social and cultural environment
Active transportation and healthy communities by design
Car-free movements
Car-sharing
Mending and renewing the social fabric and overcoming transportation inequities

19. Regeneration, Repair and Renewal
RRR of governance and decision making institutions and economic assumptions
Rescue municipalities
City repair
Transit camp
Jane’s walk

20. Homework
Compare a few of the differences between forecasting and the old “paradigm” of business as usual (BAU) with backcasting and the “new paradigm” of integrated planning, participation and policy-making