1. Style: Style is a combination of typical features of artistic expression, with the same characteristics produced by a person, group, or school. Style of Tennis Shoes
in the 1950s
What is style?

2. Styles of 2011 Sports shoes
They
still have many
of the same
characteristics
but have added
some new ones and
enhance those
that already existed.

3. Doughty. In Nature’s Wonderland, 1835
pastoral setting where humans and nature coexist peacefully.
rugged , yet sublim
vast space -distant view (immense vista, and a general grandeur of scale)
Romantic wanderer dwarfed by the wilderness
terribilita ter-ri-bi-li-ta (wild and terrorful or awesomeness or emotional intensity of conception)
Glow of light and sense of silence create the mood
Called “leaf painters” because you could see every leaf on the trees.
sketched out of doors, all except Asher B. Durand, painted in their studios
Combined sketches and used imagination for compositions.
The Oxbow by Thomas Cole

4. Doughty. In Nature’s Wonderland, 1835

5. Subject Matter
landscape - Connecticut River
Technical Properties
51 ½” × 76”
oil
Tight brush strokes
Color
Earth tones – dark and light & naturalistic
Structure & Textures
dark wilderness & rainclouds
light-filled cultivated landscape
Diagonal line / Value / Emphasis -oxbow of the river
wilderness vs. cultivated land
Space
aerial perspective
Logging scars
Hebrew letters - shaddai, "The Almighty"
Style
natural scenery & sublime grandeur
Rugged Wilderness verses civilization
Thomas Cole The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm)

6. Salvator Rosa. River Landscape with Apollo and the Cumean Sibyl 1655

7. The work and thought of Cole sparked the growth of the 19th century school of American landscape painting - now referred to as the Hudson River School. Cole began his career by exploring nature and making detailed drawings that became the foundations of his painting style. He was “discovered” in 1825, when an artist, Asher B. Durand, and a patron saw three of his Hudson Valley paintings in New York City. His meticulous landscapes were admired, but his allegorical painting, his personal favorites, were not. Cole, unfortunately, died a poor man.
Thomas Cole
( )

8. Thomas Cole, Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, 1928

9. Thomas Cole
Savage State

10. Thomas Cole
The Arcadian or Pastoral State

11. Thomas Cole
The Consummation of Empire

12. Thomas Cole, The Course of Empire: Destruction

13. Thomas
Cole
Desolation

14. Thomas Cole, Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, 1928

15. Thomas Cole, The voyage of life. Childhood

16. Thomas Cole, The voyage of life. Youth

17. Thomas Cole, The voyage of life. Manhood

18. Thomas Cole, The voyage of life. Old Age

19. Asher B Durand, Keene Valley

20. Asher B. Durand
( )
Durand started out as an engraver, but became more interested in oil painting than engraving He and Cole were close friends and when Cole dies, Durand became the leader of the Hudson River School. He encouraged a more realistic representation of nature based on observation rather than Cole’s idealized formulas. Durand published his approach, “Letter on Landscape Painting” which influenced younger Hudson River School artists.

21. The Signing of the Declaration of Independence, Painting by John Turnbull, Engraving by Asher B. Durand, 1823

22. Asher B. Durand. Summer Afternoon

23. Asher B. Durand. The Beeches. 1845

24. Asher B. Durand. Kindred Spirits

25. John F. Kensett
( )
Kensett began his career as an engraver but became a prolific landscape painter, sketching in the Catskills, Berkshires, White and Green Mountains during the summer and painting in his New York studio during the winter. Despite his success with painting, he continued to support himself with engraving.

26. John F Kensett: The Shrewsbury River

27. Thomas Worthington Whittredge

28. Fitz Hugh Lane Schooners before approaching storm

29. Martin J. Heade. Approaching Storm. Beach New Newport

30. Frederic E. Church
( )
A Connecticut native, Church began studying painting at 16 and when he moved to the Catskills, studied with Thomas Cole for 2 years. Within a year he exhibited at the National Gallery of Design. He traveled extensively and was a master of panoramic landscapes such as Niagara and Heart of the Andes. With his fame and fortune, he built a “Persian” villa in Hudson, New York, called Olana, which commands an impressive view of the Hudson River and the Catskills- the perfect landscape.

31. Frederic Church The Heart of the Andes
Subject matter
Landscape- Mt. Chimborazo of Ecuador
Panorama -wilderness landscape and was the first to invest it with heroic grandeur
Technical properties
68⅛” × 119¼”
Oil
free brush strokes no -elements of meticulously detailed – leaf painter
Color
bright & naturalistic
Structure
waterfall & pool
hamlet and church
2 natives & cross
Church's signature
Juxtaposition / Contrast
smooth & irregular forms
light and dark
Diagonal line / Value / Emphasis
Mt. Chimborazo
Space
aerial perspective
Style
detailed observation of nature
exotic & mysterious

32. Frederic Church The Heart of the Andes

33. Frederic Church The Heart of the Andes

34. Frederic Church The Heart of the Andes

35. Frederic Edwin Church: The Icebergs