1. ADAPTATION IN ANIMALS L.O.
ANIMALS ARE ADAPTED FOR SURVIVAL IN THEIR PARTICULAR HABITAT
THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY SIZE AND SURFACE AREA: VOLUME RATIO
- HAIR AND BODY FAT CAN PROVIDE INSULATION

2. All animals are seeking HOMEOSTASIS
Depending on their environment, they have different ADAPTATIONS which help them to maintain homeostasis

3. ANIMALS IN COLD CLIMATES
Have to keep themselves warm!
Ex: polar bears
You lose body heat through your
skin
The amount of heat you lose is
closely linked to your
Surface area: Volume ratio

4. Controlling body temperature
Volume : Surface area ratio = 1:6
Volume : Surface area ratio = 1:5
For every 1 unit of heat made, heat is lost out of 6 sides
For every 1 unit of heat made, heat is lost out of 5 sides

5. Arctic mammals are relatively large
This keeps their surface area: volume ratio as small as possible
This helps them hold on to their body heat

6. INSULATION Many arctic animals use blubber as insulation
Blubber is a thick layer of fat that builds up under the skin

7. FUR
Remember: piloerection
hairs trap a layer of air next to the skin which is then warmed by the body heat
The air becomes an insulating layer.

9. CAMOUFLAGE changing coat colour
WINTER
WINTER
SUMMER
SUMMER

10. OTHER KINDS OF CAMOUFLAGE

11. SURVIVING IN DRY CLIMATES
THE DESERT!
BIGGEST CHALLENGES:
- lack of water
- body temp. getting too high

12. **the LARGER the animal, the SMALLER the surface area : volume ratio
Animals often have INCREASED surface area in HOT climates, and DECREASED surface areas in COLD climates
 big in the arctic and small in the Sahara

13. The elephant conundrum
Elephants are BIG
Small S.A:Volume, so they don’t lose a lot of heat?
WHAT ARE THEIR ADAPTATIONS TO FIX THIS PROBLEM?

14. dromedaries

15. Many desert animals get the water they need from the food they eat
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + WATER

16. Mammals keep their body temperatures the same.
- when the environment gets warmer, they have to find ways to cool down!
These animals are usually more active a night, when its cooler and sleep in the shade during the day

17. ADAPTATIONS
Living in HOT places
Living in COLD places