1. Month-to-Month Development and Changes
3.02 Overview
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2. 1st Trimester Weight Gain: 2-4 pounds
Fetus: All organs are present, facial features BEGIN to develop, Change from an embryo to a fetus, 1 inch long
Mother: Increased urination due to a new pressure on her bladder, morning sickness, breasts start swelling in second month
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

3. 2nd Trimester Weight Gain: 10-12 pounds
Fetus: Grows hair, suck thumb, hiccup, 3 inches at beginning and 8-10 by the end of the trimester, facial features become clearer
Mother: slight movements felt, appetite increases
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

4. 3rd Trimester Weight Gain: Total of 25-35 pounds
Fetus: reacts to loud noises in 8th month, starts out inches and grows to inches, gains a half a pound a week
Mother: The size of the fetus will start to effect her posture, false labor pains, leg cramps, fatigue
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

5. After the ovum and sperm unite in conception and attaches to the lining of the uterus it becomes a zygote. The sex is determined whether or not the sperm is carrying an X or Y chromosome
Embryo - The developing baby from about the third week of pregnancy through the eighth week
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

6. A Healthy Pregnancy
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7. Preparation for Pregnancy
A mother brings to her pregnancy all of her previous life experiences---including diet, food habits, and attitudes.
Birth defects occur before the 10th week of pregnancy.
The outcome of her baby’s health depends on the mother’s nutritional state.
A woman should prepare her body 2 years ahead.
If nutrients are lacking, the mother suffers first and then the baby suffers.
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

8. Personal Hygiene What is your definition of personal hygiene?
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

9. Personal hygiene is maintaining normal grooming and body care habits
Have dental checkup
Avoid very cold or very hot baths
Replace tub baths with showers or sponge baths during the last four to six weeks of pregnancy
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

10. Rest and Sleep
How many hours of sleep does a person who is pregnant need?
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

11. Sleep Sleep 8-9 hours per night
Take at least one minute nap/rest a day
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

12. Physical Activity and Exercise
What kind of physical activity and exercise does a pregnant woman need?
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

13. Physical Activity and Exercise during Pregnancy
What are the benefits of physical activity and exercise during pregnancy?
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

14. Exercises What are some exercises suggested for pregnant women?
Use low-impact, moderately intense activities, such as walking and swimming
Exercise to help strengthen and prepare the pelvic floor for delivery – stop and start the flow of urine
Avoid contact sports and high-risk activities
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

15. Clothing Comfort is the key! Options
Maternity clothes – garments especially designed for pregnancy in one’s regular size
Regular clothes in larger sizes
What are some guidelines for selecting clothes during pregnancy?
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16. Nutrition and Pregnancy
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17. Effects of Poor Eating Habits
What may be the effects of poor eating habits during pregnancy?
3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

18. Weight Gain 25-30 pounds total (average weight)
Two to five pounds in the first trimester
About one pound per week for the rest of the pregnancy
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19. Distribution of Weight Gain
AREA Weight Gain in Pounds
Fetus
Extra Fat & Tissue
Fluids/Blood
Uterus
Placenta & Umbilical Cord
Breasts
Total: 28+ pounds
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20. Affect on body What effect does pregnancy have on the body?
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21. Sample Food Needs for a Pregnant Woman
Grain Group 7-8 ounce-equivalent
Vegetable Group 3 cups
Fruit Group 2 cups
Milk Group 3 cups
Meat/Bean Group 6 to 6.5-oz.-
equivalent
MyPyramid
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22. “Fast” Foods that Are Nutrient-Dense
Can you list more? 8. 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Single-serve fruit bowls
Soy milk
Tuna fish
Raisins
Yogurt
Easy-to-make trail mix
Salad Bar
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23. Foods to Avoid Ramen Noodles Sodas
Pre-packaged lunches (like Lunchables)
Almost all-prepared frozen meals
Candy, cakes, and cookies
Raw (unpastuerized) milk
Soft cheeses
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24. Foods to Avoid List other food items to avoid: 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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25. History of Delivery
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26. Early
1647
Forceps were developed
Many babies died in the early years of their use
Before 19th century was uneventful – delivery and life went on as normal with no pain relief
Mid-19th century
Women feared childbirth - painful or even fatal
Higher social status, less children you had
1800
Chloroform was used to relieve women of any pain
Harmful, even fatal, to mother and baby
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27. Mid 1882 1900 First successful Cesarean delivery
Death rate remained high until 20th century
1900
Middle class women were confined to bed rest until well after the baby was born
Introduction of maternity clothes (Lane Bryant)
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28. 1920 “Twilight labor” 1920-Morphine and scopolamine
General anesthesia
Proved harmful to baby and mother
Use of stirrups to prevent any tearing or ripping
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29. 1950 and Beyond
1950-Use of drugs in “assisted” childbirth became popular
1970-“Natural” childbirth and midwives became popular
1980-Back toward hospital births
1990 and beyond-Both mother and father take a more active role in childbirth
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