1. Introduction to Project Management
Chapter - One
Introduction to Project Management
By;
Dr. Zaid Ahmad Ansari
Assistant Professor – Marketing
College of Business, Rabigh
King Abdulaziz University

2. Introduction to Project Management
What is a project?
What is project management?
Who is a project manager?
Project Management Body of Knowledge

3. Discussion
What is a project?

4. What is a project
A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to produce a unique product, service or result.

5. All projects have a beginning, a middle and an end.
1. What is a Project?
All projects have a beginning, a middle and an end.
Beginning
Middle
End
Def: A temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique purpose needs
Major Characteristics of a Project:
Established objectives
Defined life span with a beginning and end
Across-organizational participation
New or unique
Specific time, cost, and performance requirements

7. Characteristics of a project
A project is temporary
A project is unique
A project is progressively elaborated
Progressive elaboration means developing in steps, and continuing by increments.
A successful projects is one that meet its objectives

8. Characteristics of project
A target outcome
A defined life span
Cross organisational participation
New or unique
Time, Cost and performance requirements
Projects have a common set of characteristics

9. What a project isn’t What is not a project Followings are not project:
Explorations
التنقيب
Go on indefinitely
One person working alone
Creating the same thing multiple times
No constraints on time, cost or performance

10. Typically 189% over budget
1994
31% Critical Failures
53%
Challenged
16%
Success
Not even completed
Typically 189% over budget
OTOBOS
Source: CHAOS Report 1995 by the Standish Group
Access it here:
Since 1995 several subsequent versions have been published. Project performance has improved… incrementally.. Over the subsequent decade.
There is still significant improvement opportunities for the IT projects industry.
What do you think is going wrong at your workplace? What can be done to improve things?
The 1995 Standish (CHAOS) report found the following factors common to successful projects1.
User Involvement 15.9%
2. Executive Management Support 13.9%
3. Clear Statement of Requirements 13.0%
4. Proper Planning 9.6%
5. Realistic Expectations 8.2%
6. Smaller Project Milestones 7.7%
7. Competent Staff 7.2%
8. Ownership 5.3%
9. Clear Vision & Objectives 2.9%
10. Hard-Working, Focused Staff 2.4%
Other 13.9%
Source: CHAOS Report 1995 by the Standish Group
Access it here: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

11. Your Projects Cannot Afford to Fail
66% of all IT projects fail, come in over budget or run past the original deadline
Every year, $55 billion is wasted on failed IT projects in the U.S.
Business Impacts:
Reduced profitability
Inability to fund new projects
Poor customer satisfaction
Source: Chaos Chronicles 2003, The Standish Group

12. Projects vs Operations
Projects are temporary and unique,
Operations are ongoing and repetitive.
The purpose of a project is to attain its objective and then terminate.
The objective of an ongoing operation is to sustain the business.
A project concludes when its specific objectives have been attained,
while operations adopt a new set of objectives and the work continues.

13. Classification of Project Types
Projects can be classified as social sector and infrastructure. Some examples are:
Transportation Highways, mass transit, airports
Utilities Electric power, gas, telephones
Education Schools, colleges, dormitories
Public Safety Police, fire, National guard
Recreation Parks, playgrounds, historic sites
Development Harbors, dams, irrigation,
Research Health, space, agriculture
Defense Military equipment and systems
Conservation Forests, shorelines, pollution

14. How do Projects Originate?
A market demand
An organizational need
A customer request
A technological advance
A legal requirement

15. What is Project Management?
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

16. Managing Projects involves ...
Identifying requirements
Establishing clear and achievable objectives
Balancing the competing demands for quality, scope, time, cost, resources and risk.
Adapting the specifications, plans, and approach to the different concerns and expectations of the various stakeholders

17. Project Management Processes
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring and Controlling
Closing

18. All projects typically go through these five processes
Process Groups
Initiate
Plan
Monitor & Control
Implement
Close
All projects typically go through these five processes

19. Figure 1.1 Project Life Cycle (Gray & Larson, 2006, p6)

20. Who is responsible for achieving the project objectives?
Project Manager

21. Characteristics of Good Project Managers
Excellent communication skills
Excellent planning skills
Excellent budgeting skills
Excellent conflict resolution skills
Excellent leadership skills
Excellent motivators
Excellent management skills
Excellent interpersonal skills

22. General Management Skills
Financial management and accounting
Sales and marketing
Contracts and commercial law
Manufacturing and distribution
Strategic planning, tactical planning, and operational planning
Organizational structures and staffing
Health and safety practices
Information technology

23. What About Expertise?
Much of the knowledge and many of the tools and techniques for managing projects are unique to project management
Effective project management requires
The Project 'Management Body of Knowledge'
Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations
Understanding the project environment
General management knowledge and skills
Interpersonal skills

24. Knowledge Areas
The knowledge areas describes the key competencies that project managers must develop
PMBOK specifies nine knowledge areas
The knowledge areas and the proccess groups form the core of the PMBOK

25. PMBOK Knowledge Areas Project Scope Management Project Time Management
Involves defining and managing all the work required to successfully complete the project.
Project Time Management
Includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing appropriate project schedules.
Project Cost management
Consists of preparing and managinh the budget for the project

26. Project Quality Management
Ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken
Project Human Resource Management
Concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project. Leadership and motivation is included
Project Communications Management
Involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information

27. Project Risk Management
Involves identifying, analyzing, and responding to risks related to the project
Project Procurement Management
Involves acquiring or procuring goods and services that are needed for a project from outside the performing organization.
Project Integration Management
Is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all other knowledge areas

28. THANK YOU!