2. RESEARCH LABORATORY OF BIOENERGY (RLB)
RENEWABLE
&
GREEN ENERGY
DR. ABDUL MAJEED KHAN, Ph.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
RESEARCH LABORATORY OF BIOENERGY (RLB)
Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, University Road, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

3. Sun energy released from the chemical bonds
NATURAL GAS
Sun energy released from the chemical bonds

4. COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS
SOURCE:

5. GLOBAL NATURAL GAS RESERVES
SOURCE:

6. SOURCES: http://www. sierrainstruments

7. Renewable: Biofuels can be replenished on a human time frame.
BIOGAS TO ENERGY
SOURCE:
Non-renewable: Fossil fuels cannot be replenished on a human time frame.
Renewable: Biofuels can be replenished on a human time frame.

8. BIOGAS TO HYDROGEN
Source:

9. NATURAL GAS/BIOGAS TO ELECTRICITY THROUGH HYDROGEN
Sources: Any biowaste (garbage, waste water, fruit, vegetables, animal wastes etc)
Methodology: Anaerobic digestion, fermentation
Conversion to Hydrogen: Biogas to hydrogen by steam reforming (thermolysis) or by pyrolysis
Conversion of Hydrogen to Electricity: Through redox reaction in fuel cell.
Combustion of Biogas: Heat is used to generate electricity by steam/turbine
Applications: Domestic, industries, transport
Hydrogen to Electricity: By MFC/FC, portable as well as non-portable, remote locations,
Source:

10. SOURCES FOR THE GENERATION OF BIOPOWER USING BIOREACTOR
Abdul Majeed Khan, Electricity generation by microbial fuel cells, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(2): (2009).

11. GENERAL PATHWAY FOR BIOENERGY GENERATION USING MFCs
Organic Substrate +
Bacteria & Fungi
Biochemical Reaction
Biohydrogen Fuel
Flow of Electrons
Fermentation as an amazing source of light

12. ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY BIOREACTORS
Abdul Majeed Khan, Electricity generation by microbial fuel cells, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(2): (2009).

13. HYDROGEN FROM SEAWEEDS & WASTEWATER
Thermolysis/Pyrolysis of biogas

14. ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY THE FERMENTATION OF WASTEWATER
Abdul Majeed Khan, et al. J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 32 (2), , 2010.

15. BIOREACTORS/MFCs
Abdul Majeed Khan, Attaullah, Ijaz Ahmad, Azra Shaheen, Fazal Malik and Hafiz Abdullah Shahid, Correlation of COD and BOD of domestic wastewater with the power output of bioreactor, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 33(2), , 2011.
Abdul Majeed Khan and Shamsa Naz, Biopower generation from kitchen wastewater using bioreactor, Water Environment Research, 86(1): 3-12 (Jan. 2014).

16. APPLICATIONS OF MFCs Pacemaker Insulin pump Laptop Mobile Phones
Devices of outer space
Benthic unattended generators (BUGs)
Large scale MFCs

17. REFERENCES
Abdul Majeed Khan and Shamsa Naz, Biopower generation from kitchen wastewater using bioreactor, Water Environment Research, 86(1): 3-12 (Jan. 2014).
Abdul Majeed Khan and Muhammad Obaid, Comparative bioelectricity generation from waste citrus fruit using a galvanic cell, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 26(3): (2015).
Abdul Majeed Khan, Electricity generation by microbial fuel cells, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(2): (2009).
Abdul Majeed Khan, Muhammad Mansoor Ali, Shamsa Naz and Muhammad Sohail, Generation of bioenergy by the aerobic fermentation of domestic wastewater, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32 (2): , 2010.
Abdul Majeed Khan, Attaullah, Ijaz Ahmad, Azra Shaheen, Fazal Malik and Hafiz Abdullah Shahid, Correlation of COD and BOD of domestic wastewater with the power output of bioreactor, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 33(2), , 2011.

18. THANKS