1. LAGUNA and beyond GDR Neutrino at Orsay-PNO October 11th, 2010
Luigi MOSCA
CEA-Saclay and LSM-Fréjus
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

2. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
Plan of the Talk
- The LAGUNA European Network ( )
- The main results of the studies
- The different neutrino beams strategies
- How to go beyond : LAGUNA-NEXT ?
- World competition / cooperation
- Conclusions and outlook
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

3. The Physics case The European Cooperation Project LAGUNA
(28 Institutions in 10 countries // 1.7 M€ from Europe)
The Physics case
Grand Unification
Proton Decay up to ≈ 1035 years lifetime
mainly to study Supernovae (burst + “relics”)
the Sun (solar ’s )
Neutrinos from Cosmic rays (atmospheric ’s)
the Earth (geo ’s )
Neutrino properties accelerators (super-beam and beta-beam)
and Astrophysics
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

4. In the LAGUNA Cooperation the main Physics goals are common,
while 3 different detection techniques are proposed
3 detector types : GLACIER (Liquid Argon), LENA (liquid scintillator), and MEMPHYS (Water Cherenkov), and
7 candidate sites : Boulby (UK), Fréjus (France/Italy), Umbria (Italy), LSC (Spain), Pyhäsalmi (Finland), Sunlab (Poland), Slanic (Romenia)
There is a strong complementarity
among the 3 detector approaches
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

5. LENA: Liquid Scintillator
Large detectors considered in LAGUNA
LENA: Liquid Scintillator
MEMPHYS:Water Ċerenkov
GLACIER: Liquid Argon
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

6. An example of complementarity :
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7. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
= CERN
Pyhäsalmi 2300 Km
Bulby mine: 1050 Km
SUNLAB 950 Km
130 Km
Unirea Salt Mine
630 Km
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
CASO
659 Km

8. LAGUNA as an FP7 Design Study Network
Four Working Packages :
WP1 : Management and coordination
WP2 : Underground Infrastructures and engineering (including
tanks and liquids handling)
WP3 : Safety and environmental and socio-economic issues
WP4 : Science Impact and Outreach
Main deliverable : a “conceptual design report” on the feasibility
of a megaton-scale underground infrastructure to allow policy
makers to define the European strategy in this field of research
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

9. Main topics addressed in the WP2 Design Study :
1) determination of the best shape for very large cavities and of their possible
dimensions (using simulations constrained by the knowledge of the type,
structure and stress of the rock)
2) optimisation of the access to these cavities (tunnels, shafts, local bypasses, …)
3) study of the basic equipment and facilities : ventilation and air-filtering and
conditioning, liquid production (if any) and transportation and continuous
purification “factories” (in connection with WP3), electrical power supply,
clean rooms, computing facilities, etc.
4) incorporation of the relevant safety conditions and equipments (for long term
stability of the cavities, for fire, liquid leaks and evaporation risks, etc), in
connection with WP3.
5) evaluation of the cost and time of realisation of the different parts of the site’s infrastructure (and also maintenance cost)
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10. The main results of the LAGUNA studies
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GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

11. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
The WP2 Design study
All reports (for the 7 sites) are now finalized (≈ 1200 pages) : a very impressive work!
Starting from : (7 sites) x (3 detectors) = 21 configurations,
it comes out that in all sites at least one type of detector can be safely hosted (detector size, tank installation, liquid introduction, etc) at least at the minimal required depth
A cost estimate of the laboratory (excavation and basic infrastructure) has been done for each feasible configuration : also if non negligible it is not the driving cost (compared to tank, detector, liquid, and … beams)
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

12. Laboratory feasibility in the different sites for each detector
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

13. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
At this stage, several configurations (site+detector) remain as possible choices To finalize the choice of one or two configurations it is necessary to take into account ALL the relevant parameters : - the feasibility of the excavation for a given detector - the depth - the access type and quality - the physics goals considerations - the possible neutrino beam(s) - the competition/synergy with non-European projects (USA, Japan, …) - the total cost of the project : laboratory excavation, tank, full detector instrumentation, liquid procurement, filling and purification, neutrino beam, … - the running cost of the experiment - the socio-economic impact of the experiment - and, last not least, the safety conditions of the installation (WP3)
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

14. The different neutrino beams strategies
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

15. Concerning the distance of a given site from CERN
two different strategies can be considered :
a) “short” long-baseline (with “low” n energy) :
- low background (absence of inelastic events)
- negligible matter effect (good for a clean CP-V measurement)
- “mass hierarchy” determined by atmospheric n events
- feasible with the present CERN accelerators (PS and SPS)
b) “long” long-baseline (with “high” n energy) :
- higher background due to inelastic events
- “mass hierarchy” determination possible without atmospheric n,
but need to disentangle it from CP-Violation effects
- need more important upgrade of the CERN accelerators
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

16. a) “short” long-baseline (with “low” n energy) :
The considered neutrino beams :
Super-beam :
CERN to Fréjus (≈ 130 Km) (En ≈ 260 MeV)
Beta-beam(s) :
CERN to Fréjus (≈ 130 Km) (g ≈100) (En ≈ 350 MeV)
( DESY to Fréjus (?) (≈ 960 Km) (g ≈ 500) (En ≈ 1.8 GeV) (Achim Stahl))
--> Both CERN to Fréjus Super-beam and Beta-beam have been (are) extensively studied by the CARE/BENE and then by the EURONU European networks
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GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

17. 130 Km L. Mosca L. Mosca L. Mosca GDR Neutrino October 11th, 201017 17 17

18. b) “long” long-baselines (with “high” n energy)
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GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

19. CERN proton sources : bottleneck ?
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20. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010 GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010 20
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21. How to go beyond LAGUNA : LAGUNA-NEXT ?
(Dead-line : November 25th for the FP7 Design Study call)
At the last LAGUNA meeting (at Fréjus/Aussois) a tentative programme has been outlined :
WP1 : Management and International relations
WP2 : Detector R&D, Design and safety for the 3 technologies and cost estimate
(+ large volume magnetisation)
WP3 : Definition of detectors operation and safety, including liquid processes,
and cost estimate.
WP4 : Study of Neutrino Super-beams from CERN to the LAGUNA sites. This of course requires a specific and sufficient CERN experts implication (for the CERN to Fréjus baseline this is already largely in progress (together with the Beta-Beam option) in the EURO-Nu Network)
WP5 : LAGUNA project’s Physics potential, Underground science and Outreach
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

22. World competition / cooperation
At USA : the LBNE project considers both Water Cherenkov
and Liquid-Ar options, with a Neutrino long-baseline of
1300 Km from Fermi-Lab to the Homestake site
At Japan : The existing J-PARC Neutrino beam has an upgrade Plan to 1.66 MW after 2014, and 2 fixed possibilities for the baseline (Kamioka at 300 km and Okinoscima at 658 km)
In Europe : the situation is more flexible especially concerning the baseline
We tentatively focus on 3 options :
CERN to Fréjus : 130 Km (the shortest “long base-line”)
CERN to Umbria : existing CNGS (or LNGS’) : 650 Km (or 732 Km)
CERN to Pyhäsalmi : 2300 Km (the longest “long base-line”)
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GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

23. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010 GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010 23
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24. Conclusions and outlook
- The main physics goals are common inside the LAGUNA Cooperation
- The LAGUNA programme aims at otherwise inaccessible fundamental phenomena
- The 3 detector approaches are complementary
- Emerging scenarios in Europe :
- MEMPHYS (Water Cherenkov, a well proved technology) at Fréjus,
with Super-beam and/or Beta-beam from CERN (well advanced study)
- LENA (Liquid Scintillator, a well proved technology) at Pyhäsalmi or Fréjus
(alternatively a combination of “renormalized” MEMPHYS + LENA at Fréjus)
- GLACIER (much more ambitious technology) at Pyhäsalmi or Umbria or …
still needs a large R&D effort and a 1 Kton prototype, with a “long” long-baseline
Super-beam : needs a major realisation (HP-PS/2MW or RCS/4MW)
in the CERN sector to be competitive (CNGS type SPS beam is not sufficient)
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GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
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25. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
- Anyway it is necessary to go beyond the present LAGUNA network :
LAGUNA-NEXT (or something equivalent ? via ESFRI) mainly :
- to complete the study of each detector type, and
- to study the “long” long-baseline beam scenario
(the “short” long-baseline scenario is already included in EURO-Nu)
- Synergy with non-European projects :
a good cooperation with the USA and Japan projects is highly desirable
and is already partially existing
 For the Neutrino Factory possible scenarios see the Alain Blondel talk
 For a comparison of the sensitivity of the different projects over the world
see e.g. the talk of Mauro Mezzetto at the last LAGUNA general meeting
at Aussois (7-9 September 2010)
____________________
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

26. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
Thank You !
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

27. GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010
Back-up
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010

28. Top-view of the “MLF” MEMPHYS-LENA Fusion project
near the existing Laboratory (LSM)
FRANCE
MEMPHYS
LSM
(1982)
Safety tunnel
(2009 – under construction)
LENA
ITALY
MEMPHYS
Road tunnel
(1974 – 1978)
L. Mosca
GDR Neutrino October 11th, 2010