1. A History of NASA: Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo Missions

2. Mercury Mission

3. Dates of the Mission 4/18/61 – 1st launch simulation at the pad
They split the actual launch in half to give the people a rest, the countdown started on the 4th but the launch happened on the 5th
Soviets launched Yuri Gagarin into space on April 12, 1961, upsetting the US’ bid to have the first man in space

4. Duration, Who, and Mission
Duration: 15 min 28 sec
Crew: Alan B. Shepard Jr. (Known as the smartest of all Mercury astronauts and famous for staying calm hours on the launch pad, finally announcing “Let’s light this candle!”)
Payload: Spacecraft No. 7, Launch Vehicle MR-7
Mission: to see if man is capable to survive in the environment of space; to go out and come back

5. Highlights and Landing
Highlights: the mission was successful
Landing: May 5, 1961
75° 53min longitude
27° 13.7min latitude
In the Atlantic Ocean

6. Liberty Bell 7

7. Mission/Payload Mercury-Redstone 4
Was carrying :Spacecraft # 11, Launch Vehicle S/N MR-8
Launch date: July 21, 1961, 7:20 am EST. The launch was originally scheduled for July 18, 1961 but was rescheduled to July 19, 1961 because of unfavorable weather conditions.

8. Crew
Virgil (Gus) Grissom
Back up crew
John H. Glen Jr.

9. Highlights/Lowlights
The MR-4 flight plan was very much the same as that for MR-3. The range was nautical miles, the maximum altitude was nautical miles, and the period of weightlessness lasted for approximately 5 minutes.
Flight successful but the spacecraft was lost during the post landing recovery period as a result of premature actuation of the explosively actuated side egress hatch (the door blew open). The capsule sank in 15,000 feet of water shortly after splashdown. The astronaut egressed from the spacecraft immediately after hatch actuation and was retrieved after being in the water for about 3 to 4 minutes.

10. Landing
Atlantic Ocean, 302 miles East of launch site. Drogue parachute was deployed at T+9 minutes 41 seconds and main parachute at T+10 minutes 14 seconds. Landing occurred at T+15 minutes 37 seconds

11. Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7)

12. Basic Summary February 20th, 1962 is when it was launched
It only last 4 hours and 55 minutes
Mission was called Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6)
(CapCom famously says “God speed, John Glenn”)

13. Command Modules and Lunar Modules
Command Module: Friendship 7
No Lunar Module

14. Members of Crew John Glenn was the only member of the crew-
M Scott Carpenter was the backup crew member for Glenn

15. Highlights and Lowlights
The mission was for John Glenn to be the first astronaut to orbit the Earth, and after 3 trips around the Earth, he returned safely back into the Atlantic Ocean
Everything went as planned and it couldn’t have been a more successful mission in most people’s eyes
It did miss the landing zone by about 40 miles but it was not a huge factor in the end

16. By: Carleigh Jones and Courtney Mcderby

17. Dates and Length of Mission
Launched: May 24, :45:16 EST.
Landed: May 24, :41 p.m. EST. 19deg 29min North 64deg 05min West.
Length of Mission: Total time weightless 4 hours 39min 32sec.

18. Command and Lunar Module
Crew Member
Command and Lunar Module
M. Scott Carpenter
He is best known as one of the original seven astronauts selected for NASA's Project Mercury in April 1959.
Carpenter was the second American to orbit the Earth and the fourth American in space, following Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom and John Glenn
Mercury spacecraft and Atlas launch

19. Highlights and Lowlights
Highlight: The performance of the launch vehicle was exceptionally good with the countdown, launch and insertion conforming very closely to planned conditions.
Lowlight: Cabin and pressure-suit temperatures were high but not intolerable. Some uncertainties in the data telemetered from the bioinstrumentation prevailed at times during the flight; however, associated information was available which indicated continued well-being of the astronaut. Scott spent too much time “sightseeing” in space and used up a lot of fuel. He had to shut down other instruments for a successful landing.

20. Re-Entry To Earth
Spacecraft overshot intended target area by 250 nautical miles. After landing, Carpenter reported a severe list angle on the order of 60 degrees from vertical and post flight photographs of the spacecraft taken after egress indicated approximately a 45 degree list angle.

21. Mercury Atlas 7

22. Wally Schirra Original Mercury astronaut, only astronaut to fly
in Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo missions
On October 3, 1962, Schirra became the fifth American in space, piloting the Mercury-Atlas 8 (Sigma 7) on a six-orbit mission lasting 9 hours, 13 minutes, and 11 seconds.
The capsule attained a velocity of 17,557 miles per hour (28,255 km/h) and an altitude of 175 statute miles (282 km), orbits the earth six times and landed within 4 miles (6.4 km) of the main Pacific Ocean recovery ship.

23. Mercury Atlas 9

24. Gordon Cooper
Cooper was launched into space on May 15, aboard the Mercury-Atlas 9 (Nicknamed Faith 7) spacecraft, the last Mercury mission.
He orbited the Earth 22 times and logged more time in space than all five previous Mercury astronauts combined—34 hours, 19 minutes and 49 seconds, traveling 546,167 miles (878,971 km) at 17,547 mph (28,239 km/h), pulling a maximum of 7.6 g (74.48 m/s²).
Orbits 22 times, first to sleep on the launchpad, in space, and last to orbit alone

25. The Gemini Missions

26. GeminI 3 Gus Grissom and John Young March 23 1965
Ride the Titan missile 1st time there are two people in space together
Issue on re-entry: Oops, the earth rotates beneath us! Gemini 3 splashes down 60 miles short of target landing
Grissom gets massively seasick waiting for crews for over 2 hours, but John Young is a navy veteran and did not mind the waves
Parade in Manhattan follows mission

27. Gemini 4

28. Two Man Crew
James McDivitt and Edward H. White II

29. Gemini 4 (or Gemini IV) was the second manned space flight in NASA's Project Gemini, occurring in June 1965.
It was the tenth manned American spaceflight
Astronauts James McDivitt and Edward H. White II circled the Earth 66 times in four days, making it the first US flight to approach the five-day flight of the Soviet Vostok 5.

30. The highlight of the mission was the first space walk by an American, during which White floated free outside the spacecraft, tethered to it, for approximately 20 minutes. Space walk did not go well- White’s heartbeat accelerated and walk was shortened.
Both of these accomplishments helped the United States overcome the Soviet Union's early lead in the Space Race.
The flight was the first American flight to perform many scientific experiments in space, including use of a sextant to investigate the use of celestial navigation for lunar flight in the Apollo program.

31. Gemini 7

32. Gemini 7 was a 1965 manned spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program
Gemini 7 was a 1965 manned spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the 4th manned Gemini flight, the 12th manned American flight and the 20th spaceflight of all time.
Spend 14 days in space (scheduled to stay 3 days but Gemini 6 had trouble launching so Gem 7 had to wait for them- the capsule smelled bad when they finally made it back to Earth!)

33. Command Pilot
Frank F. Borman, II First spaceflight
Pilot
James A. Lovell, Jr First spaceflight

34. Gemini 7 was launched from Complex 19 at 2:30:03 p. m. (2:30:03
Gemini 7 was launched from Complex 19 at 2:30:03 p.m. (2:30: UT) on 4 December 1965 and inserted into a x km orbit at 2:36:11
Purpose: To rendezvous with Gemini 6 and practice docking techniques needed for a moon landing (but these were executed within Earth’s orbit)

35. Gemini 6

36. Mission Info Gemini 6 (Launched AFTER GEM 7)
Dates:
Original Launch Rocket Explosion: October 25, 1965 at 3:06 p.m.
First Attempt: December 6, 1965 at 9:54 a.m.
Successful attempt: December 15, :37 a.m.
Duration of Mission
1 Day, 1 hour, 51 min, 24 seconds

37. Mission info Gemini 6 (cont.)
Crew Members
Stafford and Schirra (left to right)
Command Module
Gemini 6
Mission Name
Gemini 6A

38. Mission Info (cont.) Highlights 1 ft. from Gemini 7
First Instruments Played in Space (Harmonica)
Lowlights
Explosion of the original launch rocket on pad

39. Reentry 11 miles from intended landing zone Recovered by USS Wasp
First Televised recovery

40. Grant Dachroeden Jason Bladow
Gemini 9
Grant Dachroeden
Jason Bladow

41. Gemini 8

42. Date of mission
The date of the mission was march 16th 1966

43. Duration of the mission
The duration of this mission was 10 hours and 41 minutes

44. Crew Members There were only 2 member of this mission
Neil Armstrong and David Scott

45. Highlights and lowlights
Early termination of the mission precluded achievement of many mission objectives, but the rendezvous and docking was accomplished, as was the evaluation of the auxiliary tape memory unit and demonstration of controlled reentry. Of the six scientific experiments only the Agena micrometeorite collection was successful.
The others -- (1) zodiacal light photography, (2) frog egg growth, (3) synoptic terrain photography, (4) nuclear emulsions, and (5) spectrophotography of clouds -- were incomplete.

46. Re-entry
the spacecraft splashed down in the western Pacific Ocean about 800 km west of Okinawa at N, E, 2 km from the target. The time was 10:22 p.m. , but was during the day at the splashdown site. The crew was picked up by the recovery ship U.S.S. Mason 3 hours later

47. modules
The Gemini spacecraft was a cone-shaped capsule consisting of two components, a reentry module and an adaptor module.
The adaptor module was an externally skinned, stringer framed structure, with magnesium stringers and an aluminum alloy frame.
The reentry module consisted mainly of the pressurized cabin which held the two Gemini astronauts

49. (Gemini 8) Dave Scott and Neil Armstrong practice docking in space
Thrusters get stuck and the command module spins uncontrollably in space
Thanks to the expert piloting of Armstrong, the re-entry rockets he turns on stop the spinning but use up precious fuel
The mission is aborted and splashdown occurs in Okinowa near Japan

50. Gemini 9A
June 3, 1966
Duration: 3 days, 0 hours, 20 minutes, 50 seconds
7th manned Gemini flight
13th manned American flight

51. Crew Elliot M. See, Jr. Charles M. Bassett II
This crew died in a plane crash (attempting to land at Lambert) four months before the launch.
Thomas P. Stafford (vet)
Eugene A. Cernan

52. Objective
Perform rendezvous and docking and conduct EVA
7 experiments

53. Outcome
Training craft did not jettison a shroud, so docking was not possible.
Unable to test an Air Force maneuvering unit due to foggy visor.
Landing a success: only .704 miles off target

54. Gemini 12

55. Date and Duration November 11, 1966 – November 15, 1966
The mission lasted four days

56. Crew Actual Crew Command Pilot – Jim Lovell Pilot – Edwin Aldrin
Backup Crew:
Command Pilot – L Gordon Cooper
Pilot – Eugene Cernan
Support Crew
Stuart Roosa, Charles Conrad, and William Anders

57. Highlights
14 experiments were conducted during the mission ranging from frog egg growth to dim-sky photography

58. Re-entry Gemeni 12 missed its target by 4.8 km
The Command Module was called Gemini XII

59. Apollo I

60. The Gear Cape Canaveral Command Module: CM-012 Rocket: Saturn 1B
Departure Location:
Cape Canaveral

61. The Mission Target Launch Date: February 21, 1967
Duration: The mission never got off the ground
On January 27, 1967 while preforming a launch pad test the cabin caught on fire and killed the three man crew

62. Apollo 7
Two years after the tragedy of Apollo 1
Successful orbit

63. Apollo 8

64. Launched from Cape Kennedy on Dec.21, 1968
Splashed into the ocean at 10:51 a.m. on Dec. 27

65. Crew Members
Frank Borman
(Commander)

66. William Anders commons.wikimedia.org www.spacefacts.de
Lunar Module Pilot
commons.wikimedia.org

67. James A. Lovell Jr. www.spacefacts.de - www.spacefacts.de
Commander Module Pilot -

68. Highlights Was the first mission to take humans to the moon and back
First manned mission launched on the Saturn V
First manned mission launched from NASA’s latest(at the time) moonport
First live T.V. coverage of the moon’s surface

69. Lowlights
Lovell accidently erased some of the computer’s memory, forcing him to do a manual re-alignment in the system so their location could be monitored

70. Re-Entry into Earth
The descent back to Earth was normal, everything went as planned except for the landing in the ocean
The parachutes dragged the spacecraft into a Stable 2 position for 6 minutes, however Borman took control and the spacecraft went back to it’s apex-up postion

71. Command Module- Apollo 8
Lunar Modules- None flown

72. Apollo 9

73. Mission Date Launched March 3, 1969 Landed March 13, 1969 at 12:01 pm
Flight lasted 241 hours, 53 seconds

74. Objective of Mission Evaluate crew operations of lunar module
Demonstrate docked vehicle functions in an earth-orbit mission
Verifies that combined space craft is good for lunar flight

75. Crew Members James A. McDivitt Russell L. Schweickart David R. Scott
James A. McDivitt
(commander)
Russell L. Schweickart
(Lunar Module Pilot)
David R. Scott
(Command Module Pilot)

76. What happened??? Highlights Lowlights
First manned Apollo docking & undocking
Spacewalks tested out new space suits with mobility pack
Pack had: communications and oxygen that circulated water through suit to keep astronauts cool
Eliminates umbilical connection to spacecraft
Carried largest payload ever in orbit
Space sickness cuts extravehicular space walks short

77. Return to Earth Re-entry extended one revolution
Heavy seas in recovery area
On target (within 3 miles of recovery ship)
Crew saw recovery ship

78. Names of Modules Lunar module=Gumdrop Command module=Spider

79. Apollo 10

80. Date of mission/and back
may To return on may It was 192 hours 3 minutes 23 seconds Less than four miles from target

81. Crew members
Thomas p. Stafford
John w. young
Eugene a. cernan

82. Highlights and lowlights
The second to orbit the moon
First to get a few thousand feet from the moon

83. Command module and lunar module names
l.M: snoopy
C.M: Charlie brown

84. Apollo 11

85. The Mission
Mission objective to land a crew safely on moon and return to Earth (Goal set by President Kennedy on May )
Additional objectives = live televised coverage, solar wind experiment, seismic experiment, collect lunar samples, photograph terrain

86. Mission Facts Launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16, 1969
2 hours and 44 minutes later Apollo 11 reached lunar orbit
July 20 Astronauts entered the Lander “Eagle” and made final checks before launching to the surface at 100 hours into mission
Total mission Duration: July 16-24, 1969 (8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes

87. Crew Members
Commander Neil Armstrong, Commander Module Pilot Michael Collins, Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin
530 million people watched televised landing on July 20

88. Neil Armstrong Aviator in U.S. Navy, flew 78 missions in Korea
Received Bachelors degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue in 1955
Became civilian test pilot for NACA
Professor of Aeronautics at University of Cincinnati
First man on moon

89. Michael Collins Graduated from U.S. Military Academy 1952
Joined Air Force as fighter pilot, and later graduated from USAF as experimental test pilot
Became Director of National Air and Space Museum at Smithsonian in April 1971 after retiring from NASA
Acted as Pilot of Command Module on mission

90. Buzz Aldrin
Graduated from U.S. Military Academy at West Point with mechanical engineering degree in 1951
Flew 66 combat missions in Korea with Air Force
Backup pilot for Gemini 9, pilot on Gemini 12, backup module pilot for Apollo 8
Second man on moon

91. Mission Overview
Mission was a success, crew landed the Eagle on lunar surface and completed objectives
Eagle successfully returned to the Columbia in space from the Lunar surface
Due to bad weather the Apollo 11 target are was shifted 250 miles from original point
Apollo was recovered by U.S.S Hornet

92. Apollo 12

93. Dates Launch on November 14th 1969 Splashdown on November 24th 1969
Duration: Ten days

94. Crew Charles Conrad Jr. Commander Alan L. Bean Lunar Module Pilot
Charles Conrad Jr. Commander
Alan L. Bean Lunar Module Pilot
Richard F. Gordon Jr. Command Module Pilot

95. Highlights/Lowlights
Struck twice by lightning during launch. No permanent damage occurred.
Three fuel cells were knocked offline by lightning. Power supply couldn’t handle the necessary current, and caused much of the instrumentation to malfunction.
Problem easily fixed by switching to a backup power supply.
Lunar module separation went fine, and so did lunar landing.
The camera used to film was accidentally rendered unusable when one crew member inadvertently pointed it at the sun.
The re-entry was standard, and on-target. One of the crew members was knocked unconscious by a falling camera.

96. Command and Lunar Modules
Yankee Clipper
Intrepid
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Apollo_12_Yankee_Clipper.JPG

97. Apollo 12 November 1969 Al Beam, Pete Conrad, and Richard Gordon
Gordon and Beam land in the Ocean of Storms on the moon
It took 8 hrs to get 75 lbs of rocks
Discovered that bacteria on earth survived in space

98. Apollo 13

99. “Houston, we have a problem…”
The Mission
Launched April 11, 1970 at 1:13 p.m. CST
Duration of 5 days, 22 hours, 54 minutes and 41 seconds
Command Module: Odyssey
Lunar Module: Aquarius
Backup crew member was used because original command module pilot was exposed to measles
“Houston, we have a problem…”

100. The Crew James A. Lovell Jr. Fred W. Haise Jr. John L. Swigert Jr.
Commander
Fred W. Haise Jr.
Lunar Module Pilot
John L. Swigert Jr.
Command Module Pilot

101. Highlights and Lowlights
5.5 minutes after liftoff, the center engine shut down early, and the No. 2 oxygen tank blew up at 56 hours which caused No. 1 oxygen tank to fail as well. There was then a loss of two fuel cells in the CM.
The crew had to make it to the LM lifeboat, which had a working engine. However the crew had to ration water, conserve energy, and transfer the navigation system all in effort to make it home safely.

102. Re-entry April 17, 1970 Pacific Ocean Near Samoa Recovery Ship:
USS Iwo Jima

104. Times
January 31, 1971 at 4:04:02 pm local time(Kennedy Space Center, Florida)after a 40 minute, 2 second delay due to launch site weather restrictions.
Duration: 9 d 00 h 01 m 58 s
Lunar Surface Time: 1 d 09 h 30 m 29 s

105. Crew Members http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_14_crew.jpg
Edgar D. Mitchell
Stuart A. Roosa
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.

106. Highlights
Shepard hit two golf balls on the lunar surface with a makeshift club he had brought.
Made the most precise landing on record, 87ft from target.
Shepard set a new distance-traveled record on the lunar surface of approximately 9,000 feet.
During the two traverses, the astronauts collected 94 pounds of rocks and soil for return to Earth. The samples were scheduled to go to 187 scientific teams in the United States, as well as 14 other countries for study and analysis
Roosa, who worked in forestry in his youth, took several hundred tree seeds on the flight. These were germinated after the return to Earth, and widely distributed around the world as commemorative Moon Trees

107. Lowlights
Docking with the lunar module, took 6 attempts before “hard dock” was achieved.
Due to communications system problems, the first period of extra vehicular activity, or EVA, began almost one hour later than scheduled with Commander Alan Shepard setting foot on the lunar surface at 114 hours, 31 minutes GET
Roosa experienced some difficulties with the high-resolution, motion-compensating Hycon Lunar Topographic Camera while attempting to photograph the Descartes area, the landing site planned for Apollo 16.

108. Modules Command Module: CM-110, Kitty Hawk
Service Module: SM-110, Antares

109. Re-entry
On the way back to Earth, the crew conducted the first U.S. materials processing experiments in space.
The command module Kitty Hawk splashed down in the South Pacific Ocean on February 9, at 21:05 [UTC], approximately 760 nautical miles (1,410 km) south of American Samoa. After recovery by the ship USS New Orleans, the crew was flown to Pago Pago International Airport in Tafuna for a reception before being flown on a C-141 cargo plane to Honolulu. The Apollo 14 astronauts were the last lunar explorers to be quarantined on their return from the Moon.

110. Apollo 15

111. Date of mission/Duration/Crew Members
The date of Apollo 15 was July 26th to August 7th 1971
The duration of the mission was 12 days
The crew members of Apollo 15 were: David R Scott, Alfred M Worden and James B Irwin

112. Lowlights and Highlights of the mission
During the launch, the S-IC failed because of some damage that was caused to it.
There were oxygen leaks.
Thanks to the use of a lunar rover (the first time the “moon dune buggy” was used) “the two astronauts spent 18½ hours outside of the LM and collected approximately 77 kg (170 lbs) of lunar samples.”
it was a successful mission!

113. Re-entry into earth-on target, off target/ anything significant?
“one of the three parachutes on the CM failed to deploy properly, only two were required for a safe landing (one extra for redundancy). Upon landing in the North Pacific Ocean, the crew were recovered and taken aboard the recovery ship, the USS Okinawa after a mission lasting 12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, and 33 seconds.”

114. Modules
“Apollo 15 used Command/Service Module CSM-112, Lunar Module LM-10, but the Lunar Module went unused and is now on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.”

115. Apollo 16

116. Crew Members Commander: John W. Young
Lunar Module Pilot: Charles M. Duke Jr.

117. Command Module Pilot: Thomas K. Mattingly ||

118. Date(s): 12:54 p.m EST April 16, 1972 from Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center.
Duration: 256 Hours, 51 minutes, 5 seconds.
Highlights: 209 pounds of samples were collected from Young and Duke.
Lowlights: Some command and service module problems. Due to an error signal, the spacecraft computer began to ignore input. An experiment was lost after Young tripped on an electronics cable, accidentally destroying it. 4 stops were deleted from the 3rd EVA and one stop was deleted from the 2nd EVA both due to time constraints.

119. Module Names: LM,CSM
Re-entry into Earth: Normal entry and landing resulted in splashdown at 0 degrees 42’ 0” S, 156 degrees 12’ 49” W, just before 3 p.m. EST April 27.

120. Apollo XVII

121. Apollo XVII Eugene A. Cernan Charles M. Duke Jr. Ronald E. Evans
Apollo 17 launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on December 7, 1972, with a three man crew consisting of:
Eugene A. Cernan
-Commander –
And last man to walk
on the moon
Charles M. Duke Jr.
-Lunar Module Pilot-
Ronald E. Evans
Command Module Pilot

122. Apollo XVII The mission lasted 12 days, 13 hours, and 52 minutes.
Command Module: CSM-114 (America)
Lunar Module: LM-12 (Challenger)
The main objectives of the mission was focused on geological surveying and sampling of materials and surface features in a preselected area of the Taurus- Littrow region; deploying and activating surface experiments; and conducting in-flight experiments and photographic tasks during lunar orbit and transearth coast.

123. Apollo XVII Highlights/Lowlights
Mission was launched 2hrs and 40mins late due to countdown issues and air tank issues.
Orbited the moon 75 times.
On Dec 10th at 8:32pm, the crew safely reached the moons surface, 84 miles off from the landing spot previously planned.
Took 3 separate outings on the moons surface.
During the first walk they planted the flag which was previously planted by Apollo 11.
The second walk was the longest of any other walks performed on the moon, 7hrs and 37mins, where they went on a long excursion on a rover.
The third walk, they used the rover to visit North Massif.
Brought back a record 253 pounds of rock and soil.

124. Apollo XVII
The return trip to earth and splashdown on Dec 19th, 1972 in the Pacific Ocean was normal and without any major issues.