1. The Cell and The Chemistry of Living Things
Unit Two
The Cell and
The Chemistry of Living Things

2. The Chemistry of Living Things
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is this referring to?
A. Matter

3. Atom Definition: The smallest unit of matter
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
Atoms are made of 3 particles:

4. Subatomic Particles of an Atom
Electrons (-)
protons (+) & neutrons (0)

5. Draw and Label the Parts of an Atom:
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
protons- positive
Neutrons- no charge
Electrons- negative

6. Element
i. Definition: A pure substance that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes.
ii. Made of one type of atom.
iii. Each element has its own chemical symbol. C Ca O H Fe

7. Chemical Symbols 1 or 2 letter abbreviation
Capitalize the first letter ONLY
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

8. Elements cont. a. 118 known elements to date b. 92 naturally found
c. 26 manmade
How are the elements named?
Turn to page R-11 in your agenda

9. Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum

10. % Major Elements in the Body
O % K
C S
H Na
N Cl
Ca Fe
P Zn Mg
Trace Elements:
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

11. Learning Check
Using the periodic table, select the correct symbol for each element. Write the element and symbol next to it.
A. Calcium
C Ca CA
B. Sulfur
S Sl Su
C. Iron
Ir FE Fe

12. Solution
A. Calcium Ca
B. Sulfur S
C. Iron Fe

13. Select the correct name for each:
D) N
neon nitrogen nickel
E) P
potassium phogiston phosphorus
F) Ag
silver agean gold

14. D) N
nitrogen
E) P
phosphorus
F) Ag
silver

15. G) What is the smallest unit of matter?
element 2) atom 3) compound
H) What is a pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler components by ordinary means?
1) element 2) atom 3) compound

16. G)
atom H)
element

17. Compound H2O i. Definition: Two or more elements chemically combined.
Made of more than one type of atom
ii. A chemical formula represents a compound.
C6H12O6
H2O

18. H2O Chemical Formula Represents one molecule of that compound
a. Write the element’s symbol
b. Use a subscript to represent the number of atoms of each element. Lowered to the right of the element.
H2O
No subscript means ONE atom
Symbol for hydrogen
Subscript, 2 atoms of hydrogen

19. Molecule
i. Definition: The smallest unit of a compound that has properties of that compound.
A coefficient is used to represent the number of molecules.
H2O = 1 molecule of water
2H2O = 2 molecules of water

20. Learning Check
Name the elements in the following compounds:
1) NaCl =
2) H2SO4 =

21. Solution NaCl = sodium and chlorine
H2SO4 = hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen

22. Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds:
3) Hydrogen peroxide = 2 atoms of hydrogen and 2 atoms of oxygen
4) Carbon dioxide = 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen

23. Hydrogen peroxide = H2O2
Carbon dioxide = CO2

24. Identify and name each element, then tell how many atoms there are of that element:
5) C6H12O6
6) CuSO4

25. 5) C6H12O6 C= carbon, 6 atoms H = hydrogen, 12 atoms O = oxygen, 6 atoms 6) CuSO4 Cu = copper, 1 atom S = sulfur, 1 atom O = oxygen, 4 atoms

26. How many molecules of glucose are there in:
5 C6H12O6
CHALLENGE:
How many atoms of each element in 2 molecules of water?
2H2O

27. Chemistry Skills worksheet