1. Overview of Vehicle

2. Engine Converts Energy stored in the fuel into mechanical energy.
Internal Combustion Engine
Piston
Camshaft
Crankshaft
Timing Belt, chain, gears
Short-Block
Valves

3. Cooling System
Takes the engine to an optimum running temperature as soon as
possible and maintains it there.
Radiator
Hoses
Water pump
Water Jackets
Coolant
Thermostat
215°F - 235°F

4. Lubrication System Designed to reduce friction between moving parts.
By reducing friction, engine temperature drops, hence lowering wear
on the moving parts.
Oil
Grease
Oil Pump
Oil Pan
Oil Galleries

5. Drive-Train Transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels.
It varies the torque applied to the drive wheels, depending on load.
Transmission
Drive shaft
Axles
differential

6. Drive-Train

7. Electrical System
Produces, stores, and distributes electricity for the numerous electrical
devices which contributes to the operation of the total vehicle.
Stores Power -
Battery
Produce Power -
Alternator
Starter
Wiring Harness

8. Fuel System Designed to store and deliver (mystify) the fuel.
Correct Air to Fuel ratio is 14.7 : 1 (Stoichiometric Ratio)
Four common fuels:
Patrol
Diesel
Propane (LPG)
Natural Gas (Compressed Natural Gas)
Fuel Pump
Injectors
Carburetor
Fuel Tank / Lines
Fuel Filter

9. Exhaust/Emission System
Removes the Exhaust gases from the engine, Muffles the sound,
Cleans and cools the burned gases before they enter the atmosphere.
Headers / Exhaust manifold
Catalytic Converter
Exhaust Pipes
Muffler
Resonator

10. Braking System
Allows the driver to slow or stop the wheel from rotating, which
in turn will reduce the vehicle speed or stop and hold the vehicle
from moving.
Converts kinetic Energy into Heat.
Master Cylinder
Brake Fluid
Lines / Hoses
Caliper, Pads, Rotors - FRONT
Wheel cylinder, Shoes, Drums - Rear

11. Ignition System Provides spark for the Patrol, CNG and LPG Engines.
Converts 12 volts to 60,000 volts
Sparkplugs
Distributor
Sparkplug wires
Ignition Switch
Ignition Coil

12. Steering System Controls the direction of the vehicle. Steering
Rack-and-pinion
Gear Box
Power steering Pump
Steering Linkage

13. Suspension System
Keeps the wheels in firm contact with the road for maximum traction.
Shocks
Struts
Springs
Control arms
Ball Joints