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Meteorology
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2. What is Meteorology?
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere….
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere:
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
trace water vapor

3. Composition and structure of Atmosphere

4. Make this table on the back of your note packet:
Layer
Altitude range
Temperature range
Other
Troposphere
12-50 km
Decreases as altitude increases
thermosphere

6. Let’s relate these to things we know
From Hellgate to: use google earth
convert Kilometer to miles: 5 k = ____ mi
Temperature ranges: Celsius to Fahrenheit
O C = ____F
100 C = ______ F
What is the conversion?

7. As you increase in altitude then _______________ changes?
Temperature:
Pressure:

9. The Earth’s solar budget

10. Earth’s greenhouse vs Venus’

11. Greenhouse temperature lab
Based on the data and reflections from our greenhouse lab, what other variables contribute to temperature changes on a planet?
Is one more important than an other?
Greenhouse temperature lab

12. Properties of water Cohesion and adhesion
The cohesion of water is due to the action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other polar molecules. the strength of the bonds allow water to stick to itself, and other things. One of these is why water striders can walk on the surface of the water, that is due to waters surface tension.
Water absorbs and releases heat
An important property of water is its capacity for energy absorption and release, which affects energy flow and temperatures. This property is collectively called water’s high specific heat capacity.

13. Ice floats on water
Unlike most substances, the solid form of water (ice) is less dense than that of the liquid form, which allows ice to float on water. Water is one of the few substances on earth found in all three states of matter. It is unique that in its solid state it actually expands due to its crystalline structure which makes it float on the liquid form of itself.
Water as a Solvent
Water is often referred to as the universal solvent, because it is able to dissolve many types of substances due to its polarity.

14. Greenhouse Gases What are the most common greenhouse gases?
How are they produced?
What are the pro’s and con’s to these gases?
Compare and contrast too much vs not enough?

15. One variable to our atmosphere

16. Regarding pressure and temperature
Why do climbers of MT Everest need to carry oxygen to the top?
Why do they need to pace themselves in the climbing process and acclimate ever few thousand feet at a base camp?
Is there truly less Air/ Oxygen?
Why is it harder to breath?

17. What makes this possible? List the variables:

18. Ozone What is it? How is it created? Depletion is increasing due:
The chemical known as ozone is 03, earth’s protective layer from UV radiation
How is it created?
It is naturally created in the atmosphere, and changes due to seasons, latitude, sunspots
Where is it normally found?
Depletion is increasing due:
increase use of CFC’s – in refrigerants, aerosols, solvents, fire extinguishers, styrofoam

19. Figure 2: Altitude distribution of ozone in the atmosphere
Figure 2: Altitude distribution of ozone in the atmosphere. The blue curve indicates a typical altitude profile of ozone showing no depletion. The high abundance of ozone near 15 km marks the center of the normal ozone layer.
The red curve was obtained over South Pole, Antarctica, in winter. The ozone layer has been severely depleted at this location as indicated by the near zero values between 14 and 20 km.
Similar depletion occurs over the entire Antarctic region in late winter/early spring, causing the Antarctic "ozone hole" in satellite observations of Antarctic ozone.

20. What does this information mean?
What is the potential affect on people in the southern hemisphere?
NASA daily readings
What other continents would be impacted by less ozone in this area?

21. Some Ozone stats: CFC’s only break down under UV light
One atom of Chlorine can break down 100,000 molecules of ozone
Think of the Ozone like a river, in that it is the depth in certain locations that changes and become dangerous.
Since 1980, ozone levels over the poles has fallen 60%, over the northern hemisphere5-10 %