1. Athens Vs. Sparta

2. Athens City-State in Ancient Greece
Cultural Center of the world in the 5th century B.C.E.
Reflected in values
Individuality
Beauty
Freedom
Philosophy
Athens

3. Gained position of power in Greece by leading the defeat of the Persians
Phalanx formation
Used new fame and power to build up the strongest navy in Greece and dominate the waters
Navy built with money from the Delian League,; new Greek defense alliance created after the Persian Wars, Athens served as treasurer and head of the league
Athenian Military

4. Athenian Education Boys Ages 7 to 14-18
Private schools but affordable enough even for poorer families
Studied grammar, music, gymnastics
Grammar included reading, writing, math, science, and memorization of Iliad and Odyssey
Educated to think and act freely
Strict discipline- beatings for careless mistakes
Ages 18-20, military training
Athenian Education

5. Athenian Education Girls Not expected to get an education
Not taught to read or write
Given a domestic education
Manage household
Weave
Prepare food
Raise children
Preparation for motherhood and marriage
Seen and treated as inferiors
Athenian Education

6. Athenian Social Classes
Free adult males
Citizens
Roughly ,,0000 (16-18%)
Foreign Men
Women
Treated as legal, intellectual, and emotional inferiors to men
Slaves
Athenian Social Classes

7. Athenian Government Limited Direct Democracy
Assembly made up of all citizens (limited to free adult males)
Directly voted on proposals (no appeals, majority wins)
Council of 500 (Executive part of Assembly)
Members chosen by lot (at random); must be 30 years old
Each citizen limited to two one-year terms during lifetime
Board of Generals
10 generals chosen by Assembly and removed by Assembly
Served one year terms but could be re-elected any number of times
Athenian Government

8. Assembly held Ostracisms to protect the polis from dangerous individuals
Citizens wrote names down of anyone who they believed was dangerous to the state
Anyone receiving 6000 or more votes was exiled for 10 years
Not dishonored
Did not lose his property
this often happened to individuals who became so powerful that they represented a threat to the independence of Athens.
Ostracism

9. The Spartans

10. Militaristic, warrior society
Reflected values in
Duty
Strength
Discipline
Sparta came before the individual
Spartan values

11. Spartan Military Center of society Strongest military in Greece
Training began at age 7
Men served in active duty until the age of 31
Soldiers remained in military reserves until age 60
Spartan Military

12. Spartan Education Boys
Taken from home at age 7 to begin public education
Primary purpose was to become a good soldier
Raised in military barracks
Coarse diet
Hard exercise and drilling
Rigid discipline
Had to pass rigorous physical tests
Spartan Education

13. Spartan Education Girls Education began at age 7
More educational opportunities than any other Greek women (most non-Spartan women were illiterate)
Emphasis on physical fitness
Running and wrestling
Produce strong babies (future soldiers )
Women were held with high regard
Trained to manage estates when men were off defending polis (which was the majority of the time)
Spartan Education

14. Spartan Social classes
Women
Held in higher regard than any other Greek women
Opinionated even on political issues
Could not vote in the Assembly, but opinions were listened to by husbands
This was considered scandalous by other Greeks
“Only Spartan women give birth to real men.”
Hierarchy
Landowning aristocracy
Free non-citizens
Helots- peasants bound to the land
Slaves
Spartan Social classes

15. Assembly: free adult males who are elected officials and voted on major issues
Council of Elders: 28 elders chosen at age 60 to propose laws to be voted on by the Assembly and help govern Polis
Ephors: Five officials elected each year to carry out the laws, control education, prosecute court cases, control conduct of the kings, negotiate treaties
Oligarchy: Two kings head up the military. Leaders from two royal families, hereditary and life-long position, check each others power and train military
Spartan government