1. Chromosomes and DNA Replication
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

2. O. Looking at DNA from a strawberry.
J. What was the best thing you did over your break?
Reminders:
Registration forms due: 12/6 to me.
12/6 is Final Exam Performance event
12/4 Quiz – no notes allowed
Can no longer access Holt online – I will update you
as soon as we know more

3. Understand the structure, function,and replication of DNA.
J. Which scientist(s) determined the following from
the experiment that they conducted.
The transformation factor determined phenotypes
Complementary base pairing rule
DNA and not protein is the genetic material, used
radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorus for this
d.Used enzymes and the transformation experiment to
determine DNA was the genetic material

4. O. Understanding the role models play in understanding DNA structure.
J. What type of organic molecule is DNA?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are the 3 components of the building blocks?
What would it mean if phosphorus was replaced with arsenic?

5. O. Using models to understand the structure, function, and replication of DNA. J. Please take out your strawberry extraction lab and complete the post-lab questions.

6. O. By the end of the hour I will understand
DNA replication and the roles of the
enzymes involved.
J. Describe what an enzyme is and what type of role they play in DNA replication.

7. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
It is a nucleic acid
Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells,
nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells
Role – DNA are the instructions for all of the traits in an organism.
ex. Hair color, pigments is a leaf, enzymes
that control digestion

8. Central Dogma
DNA is made up of genes, which code for proteins.

9. DNA Structure
DNA is a long, double stranded molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides

10. Nucleotide: building block or monomer for the nucleic acid

11. Nucleotide Each Nucleotide has three parts 1. a phosphate group
2. a 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose
3. a nitrogen base:
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
thymine

13. Chromosomes and DNA
DNA is found in the nucleus organized into chromosomes

14. Eukaryotic chromosomes
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and proteins
The proteins are called histones

15. Practice
DNA is a double stranded helix. If there was a string of bases that had the nucleotides sequence…
ACCCTAGGAAATC
What would the complementary strand be?

16. Duplicating DNA DNA Replication
1. DNA molecule is separated by the Helicase enzyme.
2. DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the chain. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model for the new strand.
a. Adenine pairs with
Thymine
b. Guanine pairs with
Cytosine
DNA Replication
DNA Replication

17. Ligase synthesizes Okazaki fragments.
The end: 2 new DNA strands are formed
**DNA replication is semi-conservative.

18. Duplicating DNA The DNA molecule separates into two strands.
Each strand acts as a template or model for the new strand
The bases pair complementarily

19. Enzymes Needed for Replication
Helicases – separate the DNA
DNA polymerases – add complementary nucleotides on to original strands and can repair the DNA if bases are joined incorrectly
DNA ligase – joins Okazaki fragments
Single-strand binding protein – holds DNA strands stable during replication
Primase – lays down and RNA primer to begin replication on the lagging strand