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Water Cycle and Groundwater
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Water Cycle and Groundwater
Water can be all 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas Percentages of water on Earth: 75% of Earth is covered with water, of that: ~97.2% salt water ~2% frozen in glaciers ~0.6% deep underground ~0.2% surface water ~0.01% in atmosphere Water in ground water is 50 times more than all the lakes and rivers combined!
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Water is the Universal Solvent; IT CAN DISSOLVE ANYTHING
It is a polar molecule; A molecule whose atoms have a slight negative and positive electric charge
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Water Cycle Hydrosphere: the sphere of water that surrounds the earth, including the water in the atmosphere, groundwater, running water, lakes, oceans and glaciers.
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Water Cycle - movement of water from one part of the hydrosphere to another.
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Water Cycle Evaporation: heat from the sun causes water to change into a gas called water vapor; energy is absorbed BY THE WATER , evaporation is a COOLING process (area evaporated from cools) Transpiration: process where water moves up through a plant, eventually exiting through tiny holes in the leaves (Sublimation - conversion from solid to gas, w/o liquid stage; process of snow and ice changing water vapor w/o first melting into water)
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Water Cycle Condensation: water vapor changing into liquid in the atmosphere to form clouds; energy is released BY THE WATER, condensation is a WARMING process, area condensed onto warms. (Deposition - opposite of sublimation; where water vapor changes directly into ice—such a snowflakes and frost) Precipitation: condensed water falling to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Runoff: water that neither soaks into the ground nor evaporates, but instead flows across Earth’s surface and eventually into streams, lakes, or oceans.
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Where does water go? Ground water - water that soaks into the ground and collects in the pore spaces between particles of rock and soil
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Ground Water Porosity: the percentage of a material’s volume that is pore space, how much water that rock or soil can hold Permeable: describes rock or soil that has connecting pores that allow water to pass through easily
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Ground Water
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Ground Water Aquifer: layer of permeable rock that has connecting pores and transmits water freely
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Ground Water Zone of Aeration: area where the pores are filled with air, usually near the ground surface Water Table: top of the zone of saturation Zone of Saturation: area where all the pores in a rock are completely filled with water, usually below the ground surface
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Ground Water
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Artesian Well: well in which water under natural pressure rises to the surface without being pumped
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Ground Water Spring: point at which that water table meets Earth’s surface, causing water to flow from the ground
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Hot spring spring of warm groundwater, caused when the water is heated by rocks that contact magma under Earth’s surface
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Geyser : hot spring of groundwater that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air
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Sink Holes
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