1. Pengajaran Berbantukan
Komputer (PBK):
Theory and Concepts
Dr. CK Tan, UMS

2. What is Educational Technology?AV IT
Process
Teaching
Methodologies
TV, Radio,
Digital TV,
Cellular phone,
etc
Computer
and Internet
Dr. CK Tan, UMS

3. WHAT IS COMPUTER IN EDUCATION ?
It is the use of computers in the design, development, delivery and evaluation of teaching and learning materials (instruction)
It means:
computer-based instruction (CBI)
computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
computer-assisted language learning (CALL)
Dr. CK Tan, UMS

4. Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively
WHAT IS LEARNING ?
Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively
permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or
behaviour
Woolfolk, 1998, p. 204 (in Newby, T.J., 2000)
To learn is to change (or have the capacity to change)
one’s level of ability or knowledge in a permanent way
which is brought about by experience or interaction of
a person with his/her environment
Dr. CK Tan, UMS

5. Computer Advantages of computer: Instantaneous response Big storage
Can manipulate information
Serve multiple users simultaneously
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

6. Types:
Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI)  computer materials in a controlled sequence such as drill and practice exercises
Computer-managed Instruction (CMI)  stores students’ profiles and materials; diagnostic test
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

7. Roles of computers: Object of instruction learn to use software
(programming, etc)
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

8. Roles of computers as a tool:  Calculator, word processor,
multimedia composer,
communication device
Learn from databases; learn
to manage info such as
retrieving, sorting and
organizing
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

9. Branching based on students’ responses
Roles of computers:
Computer as a tool:
Branching based on students’ responses
engaging students in learning; develop own’s schemata
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

10. Provide complex tasks to engage students in real-world problems
Roles of computers:
Instructional device
Provide complex tasks to
engage students in real-world
problems
Teaching logical thinking
Develop powerful ideas from
certain games
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

11. One-computer classroom Demonstrations for large group
Facilities:
One-computer classroom
Demonstrations for large group
Design group activities for
small group
 Learning centre
Personal secretary for the
teacher
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

12. Multiple-computer classroom Computer lab (more students
Facilities:
Multiple-computer classroom
Computer lab (more students
being taught simultaneously)
Networked computers bring a
lot of benefits; sharing info
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

13. Constructivist perspective of Learning: considers the engagement of
students in meaningful experiences
as the essence of learning
learners create their own
interpretations of the world of
information
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

14. Social perspective of Learning: known as observational learning
(Milller & Dollard, 1941)
believe people can also learn without
a response observed or reinforced
(unlike behaviorist)
4 phases (attention, retention,
reproduction and motivation)
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

15. Environment  place, methods, media and technology
Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate learning
Environment  place, methods, media and technology
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

16. Important features of Learning: Active participation Practice
Individual differences
Feedback
Realistic contexts
Social interaction
TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan