1. THE TRAVELS OF A T-SHIRT IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY Markets, Power and Politics of World Trade Dalia Mohamed

3. Introduction chapter 1: ( why Texas Cotton on the top)
Corporations, Organizations, IMF, WB, and WTO (dignity and livelihood of workers around the world )
Liberal trade (harmful effects for low-skilled workers)
chapter 1: ( why Texas Cotton on the top)
Collecting government subsidies. ( Texas cotton)
Marketing, technology, and organizational forms ( shifts in supply and demand in the global marketplace.)
Institutions and governance mechanisms.
The government works, the science works (GM seeds), and the universities work.

4. Corporation and Global Organization
IMF WB
WTO

5. In India and China during the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth century:
No property rights.
No incentives to improve age-old methods.
The agricultural workers were at the mercy of the rulers.
No modern markets-No capitalism and lack of foundation.
India and China, were world leaders in cotton production until (Ch 2-3)
By 1860, Britain was consuming over a billion pound of cotton per year, excluding the united states.
Gaps or Errors :
Failed to size the opportunities presented by the industrial revolution.
Failed to establish the institutions necessary to support cotton production and cotton factories.
Weak governance, and governance still the challenge for many poor cotton producing countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso. ( add Egypt)
non educated farmers + weak or non existent political impact.
Farmers don’t have political voice .

7. Chapter 2: Slavery and increase the cotton production Cotton industry in the U.S.A was developed by slaves instead of by free labor. One point of strength to the American cotton industry – but not the only
The technological innovation increased productivity, higher productivity- lower price.
single-minded concentration of capital, labor.
Slavery and then sharecroppers as significant “public policy”- protecting cotton growers.
The Lubbock area, and well educated farmers. (solidified their political influence to manage every business risk
USDA : funding, technical, and business assistance.
Bracero program.
AAA, Agricultural Adjustment Act- government price support, 1930.

8. Eli Whitney and invention of the ginning cotton machine
Eli Whitney and invention of the ginning cotton machine.(1793) Cotton production rose 25- fold, and by 1820 more 90-fold

9. Industrial Revolution in Europe and its impact on the U. S
Industrial Revolution in Europe and its impact on the U.S. cotton Industry

10. Chapter 3: The cotton seeds: Cattle feed- fish food
Template to burned for the fuel, building materials, fertilizer, and ethanol.
The Cotton seed oil- England , resections. From 5 million kg in 1989 to zero in 2007
More demand on organic cotton
( American farmers started in planting Organic Cotton)

11. Characteristics of American cotton farmers (Ch: 4)
Alternative solution after the civil war. ( Geese – Monkeys )
Bracero program - imposing laws to attach the workers with the land.
Sharecropping- workers bounded by contract. ( public policy- laws to protect the land owners)

12. Gini Index   Intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality

13. Walmart and capitalism

14. Cheapest labor cost in the world

16. From Chapter 6 ( Docile and Desperate Preferred) p.95

17. Globalization (Chapter: 5)
Globalization’s critics: Sweatshops produced by global capitalism exploit the poor and powerless forcing people without alternative to work in prison like conditions for subsistence pay.
Factory villages destroy traditional family structures and cultures and weaken indigenous agriculture. The powerless workers endure threats to their health and safety. As well as spread cheating on payday.

18. Comparison of cotton production in the USA and in Egypt
Average Quality product
Labor
Most advanced cotton research
Free trade
Government subsidies
Technology –harvest machine
web of Supporting institutions
Farmers lobbyist and public policy
High Quality product
Labor
Remain with old-age methods
Domestic barriers
low or zero gov subsidies
One harvest machine imported from the USA
Non existent of ( free trade)

19. Egyptian cotton Fertile lands of the Nile ( Delta + Valley)
Low wage labor
Farmers have been discouraged by problems in marketing the cotton crops
Bad governance
Corruption

20. WB Governance Indicator

21. One harvest machine in Egypt and it works with only 30% from its capacity.

22. World Justice Project USA 2006, missing data for over than 15 countries

23. The Hukou system in China and the income inequality - Gini Index, WB 2008-2013 (Ch: 7)
Gini index : to present the income or wealth distribution of a nation’s residents- used as a measure of inequality

24. Question:
1- What would be the impact on the U.S. cotton production without the government subsidies?
2- Do you think that some Organizations such as WB, IMF, Or WTO, is working for the poor or for gaining more profits and helping the rich to become richer?