1. Operation of power systems with high shares of wind power
Wind Integration Workshop Colombia, September 2016
John Schmidt Rasmussen, Power System Engineer
Energinet.dk
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

2. Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System
Wind Power in Denmark
Main means for efficient integration of wind power
Strong transmission grids and interconnectors
International electricity market
Flexible generation system
Specialized operational planning tools
Planning and Power Settlement
19 September 2016
Planning with high shares of wind power

3. Electricity grid Facilities Amount Substations 185 Overhead lines
Approx. 4,900 km*
Cables
Approx. 1,900 km*
*Circuit kilometre. This means that power poles and cable trenches with two cable systems count double. The statement includes both AC and DC transmission grid
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

4. Danish Power System
The Danish power system consists of two parts – the eastern part is connected to the Scandinavian synchronous power system, the western part is connected to the Western European synchronous power system.
In 2010 the two parts were connected by a 600 MW DC-link.
The Danish power system was former a thermal power system based on large power units.
Today the power system has a large amount of small CHP-units and large share wind generators.
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

5. Power balance 2015 Two synchronous areas West: East:
Primary power station
Local CHP plant
Wind turbines
Two synchronous areas
West:
1700/1750 MW
680/740 MW
Consumption MW
Primary power stations 2522 MW
Local CHP plants 2000 MW
Wind turbines 3800 MW
5800 MW
1300/1700 MW
East:
Consumption MW
Primary power stations 3100 MW
Local CHP plants 650 MW
Wind turbines 1000 MW
600 MW
1650 MW AC
600 MW DC
excl. Bornholm and blackstart units
1500/1780MW
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power
import / export [MW]

6. The energy system is changing
Europe is in the middle of a historic transition of the energy system - Denmark has a leading position
2020: Wind power will constitute 50% of the electricity consumption
2035: Electricity and heating systems must be fossil-free - ??
2050: Denmark must be fossil-independent
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

7. Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System
Wind Power in Denmark
Main means for efficient integration of wind power
Strong transmission grids and interconnectors
International electricity market
Flexible generation system
Specialized operational planning tools
Planning and Power Settlement
19 September 2016
Planning with high shares of wind power

8. Danish Power System – Wind
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

9. Danish Power System - Photo Voltaics
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

10. 19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

11. Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System
Wind Power in Denmark
Main means for efficient integration of wind power
Strong transmission grids and interconnectors
International electricity market
Flexible generation system
Specialized operational planning tools
Planning and Power Settlement
19 September 2016
Planning with high shares of wind power

12. Main means to integrate wind power – so far
Strong transmission grids and interconnectors
International electricity market
Flexible generation system
Specialized operational planning tools
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

13. 19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

14. The functions of the Nordic Market Exchange.
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

15. The Nordic market 19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

16. 19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

17. Rolls in the Danish electricity market
Electricity supplier
Balance responsible
Transmission system operator
Wholesale market
Retail market
Power exchange
Grid company
Balance responsible
Electricity supplier
Electricity supplier
Grid company
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

18. 19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

19. Operational system balancing and grid security
Energinet.dk has developed two specialized IT systems to manage the large amount of variable renewable generation:
Operational Planning System
providing information on imbalances in the coming hours on the basis of forecasts, up-dated generation plans, on-line measurements and DGM input
Distributed Generation Management System (DGM)
providing the basis for forecasting renewable generation and grid security calculations (load flow)
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

20. Distributed Generation Management System
Area 1
Area 2
Substation 1 2 3
6300 generators on 4600 ‘plants’
18 Balance Responsible Parties for Production (PBR)
75 plants with individual schedules and plants without!
Data management for
Generation forecast
Load flow analysis
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

21. Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System
Wind Power in Denmark
Main means for efficient integration of wind power
Strong transmission grids and interconnectors
International electricity market
Flexible generation system
Specialized operational planning tools
Planning and Power Settlement
19 September 2016
Planning with high shares of wind power

22. Power Settlement in Denmark
To give an incentive to provide the best schedule we have implemented power settlement
Producers > 10 MW has to submit 5-minutes power schedules through their balance responsible
Update of schedules continuously whenever the deviation is larger than 10 MW
The power schedule do not have to correspond to the energy schedule
The latest schedule before operating minute is used for power settlement
The price in power Settlement is the most expensive price of the FRRa or FRRm price in the hour.
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

23. Balancing the system
DK east is balanced together with the Scandinavian system and is controlled by frequency.
It is balanced from Sweden or Norway altering on regular basis
DK west is balanced by ENDK and is ACE controlled
We want to know the balance in advance to be able to control the system in the most effective way.
Gives us an opportunity to manage the system balancing proactively and cost-efficiently.
We can use slow and cheap regulation.
With an increasing amount of wind power we need all possible regulating reserves in the system.
Detailed knowledge of production, consumption and exchange provides the basis for good grid security calculations which allow us to operate the grid closer to the limit.
Wind is treated as all other production (schedules, regulating market, online measures etc.)
PV is predicted from metrological forecast, and “online measurement” unscaled from measures collected by the manufactures of PVs and forwarded to END
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

24. Balancing the electricity system
Day-ahead (Spot)
Intraday
Regulating Market
mFRR
aFRR
FCR
Power Production
HVDC
50 Hz
50 Hz
Power Consumption
TSO’s has the responsibility of balancing their own area
Energinet.dk monitor the flow between DK and GE, and if the flow does not match the expected, balancing service has to be activated GE DK NO
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

25. What is needed for efficient operational planning
Prediction of RES
with a resolution of 5 minutes
continuously updated with meteorological forecasts and online generation measurements
Prediction of Demand
updated with online calculation of demand
Schedules for Exchange with neighboring areas
updated with new trades
Schedules for all Generation
updated with knowledge of schedules
Information about all remaining available resources
Including new knowledge about renewables
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

26. Forecasts The forecasting team is responsible for providing 0-48 hour
Current forecasts
Wind power
Local CHP production
Transmission loss
Consumption
Flow on tie-lines
PV production
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

27. Wind power forecasting
Two forecasting tools are used – one external and one internal:
External forecast:
Combined forecast based on 4 meteorological prognoses.
0-48 hour forecast
Hourly update
Internal forecast:
Combined forecast based on 3 meteorological prognoses.
Day ahead (12-36 hour) and short term (0-6 hour) forecast
Several updates pr. hour
We are constantly improving and looking for new competitive forecast providers!
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

28. Extended Planning Systems
Daily planning based on prediction gives the opportunity to use the cheapest and best suited regulation units in a organized way.
Gives opportunity to exchange oppositely directed imbalances with neighboring systems
Gives opportunity to use market based resources instead of automatic resources.
higher flexibility
lower prices
better integration of RES
Detailed knowledge of production, consumption and exchange provides the basis for more precise grid security calculations which allow us to operate the grid closer to the limit.
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

29. Down regulation of Wind Power
Off-shore wind
Treated like conventional production by balance responsible party
A part of their schedules
Not visible for operators
Potential approx. 770 MW in DK1, 160 MW in DK2
Bids normally only available in DK2 when asked for
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

30. Down regulation of Wind Power
On-shore wind
Bids send in by balance responsible party
As installed capacity which can be stopped
ENDK “translate” to MW bid
Shown in CMO as Wind bid
Electronic activated through responsible party
Potential approx. 230 MW from one balance responsible in DK1
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power

31. Thank you for your attention
19 September 2016
Operation with high shares of wind power