1. Organization of the Human Body
Chapter 1

2. Objectives Define anatomy, physiology, and pathology
From the chemical level to organism level, describe organization of human body
List body systems and their functions
Define metabolism and give 2 phases
Explain role of ATP
Know differences between ECF and ICF
Define and provide examples of homeostasis
Compare negative and positive feedback
Know directional terms and planes of division
List and locate subdivisions of dorsal and ventral cavities
List and locate subdivisions of abdomen
Know metric system units and prefixes
Learn word parts!

3. Why study the structure and function??
In order to recognize when something is wrong, you need to have an
understanding of what is NORMAL first. When you see something that is
different than that……you can begin to analyze. This is where it starts.
- Anatomy
The study of body structure
- Physiology
The study of body function
- Pathology
The study of disease

4. Levels of Organization
Molecules
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
Levels of Organization

5. Why do we study body systems??
Body systems work together to support the organism as a whole.
The systems are usually divided into and studied according to their
function.
There are 5 main divisions and they are:
Protection, support and movement
Coordination and control
Circulation
Nutrition and fluid balance
Production of offspring

6. Protection, Support, and Movement
Integumentary System – Skin, hair, nails,
sweat and oil glands.
Skeletal System – Framework of bones
and joints
Muscular System – Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac Muscle
Trivia
Which one of these measures approx. 20 sq. ft ?

7. Coordination and Control
Nervous System
- Includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves
(receives signals from special sense organs and receptors for pain and touch)
Endocrine System
- Includes all of the endocrine glands
(all produce hormones that regulate body functions)

8. Circulation Cardiovascular System – blood, vessels and the heart
Lymphatic System – lymph,
lymph vessels and lymphatic
organs

9. Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Respiratory System - Includes the lungs and passages leading to and from the lungs
Digestive System - Includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas
Urinary System - Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

10. Production and Offspring
Reproductive System
- Includes the sex organs and all related
structures

11. Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism

12. ATP
“Energy Currency”
*Present in EVERY cell

13. Homeostasis
Definition: Steady state of internal balance or maintenance of body conditions within set limits
Fluid balance and feedback
*refer to page 452
Disease and illness are result
of imbalance

14. Aging

15. Anatomic Position Why is this important to know?
EVERYTHING you will do with your patient will be
about the body. You need to know where things are!!

16. Two Big Categories Directional Terms Superior/Inferior Ventral/Dorsal
Cranial/Caudal
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Planes of Division
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
- Tissue Sections include cross, longitudinal, and oblique

17. Body Cavities

18. Abdomen Important to know! RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ Quadrants Regions
Right/Left Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right/Left Lumbar
Umbilical
Right/Left Iliac (Inguinal)
Hypogastric
Regions
Important to know!

19. The Metric System Length Weight Volume Temperature Volume (mL)
* Based on multiples
of 10
* Prefixes:
Kilo
Centi
Milli
Micro
Volume (mL)
Weight (lbs – kg)

20. Welcome to Nursing…..
It’s your choice what this means to you and the lives you touch.