1. 1. Come in, and QUIETLY. have a seat. 2. Study Unit 1 Vocab-
1. Come in, and QUIETLY have a seat. 2. Study Unit 1 Vocab- Quiz will be given in 5 minutes! 3. Once you Finish Quiz- bring folder and paper to front. 4. Get ready to take notes on Phylum Porifera!

2. Invertebrates Part 1 Animal Characteristics Sponges
April Adams
Zoology

3. Zoology Standards
SZ2. Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth.  
a. Outline the geological history of Earth and discuss the major environmental changes that have occurred over time.
c. Describe the fossil record of the animals including discussing the Cambrian Explosion and major extinction events.
SZ3. Students will compare form and function relationships within animal groups (clades) and across key taxa.
a. Explain the similarities and differences among major body plans (e.g., asymmetry, radial and bilateral symmetry).
SZ4. Students will assess how animals interact with their environment including key adaptations found within animal taxa.  
a. Discuss morphological and physiological adaptations relative to ecological roles.
b. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ecological roles of animals.
c. Explain various life cycles found among animals (e.g., polyp and medusa in cnidarians;

4. Hypothesis of Multicellularity
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Hypothesis of Multicellularity

5. Characteristics of Animals
1. Multicellular, eukaryotes
2. Heterotrophs
3. Cells w/out cell walls, many have specialized functions
4. Usually have a method of movement
5. Most reproduce sexually
6. Require oxygen

6. Describe the Body Plans of Animals
1. Symmetry: balance in body proportions
a. Asymmetrical:have irregularly shaped bodies, no symmetry

7. b. Radial symmetry: can be divided along any plane to produce 2 halves which look alike
c. Bilateral: can be divided only one way to produce mirror image halves
Radial
Bilateral Symmetry
Posterior end
Dorsal
Ventral
Planes of Symmetry
Anterior end
Planes of symmetry

8. 2. Body arrangements:
a. anterior: head region b. posterior: tail region c. dorsal: back or top d. ventral: abdomen or bottom

9. Sponges: Phylum Porifera (“pore bearer”)
Simplest of all animals
Assymetrical
Sessile filter-feeders whose bodies have many pores
Obtain oxygen by filtering water
No nervous system or organ systems
No tissue organization-
2 cell layers

10. SPONGES Digestion: NO SYSTEM filter feeders - choanocytes
Excretion: NO SYSTEM Basic diffusion; wastes exit through osculum
Circulation: NO SYSTEM- amoeboid cells
Respiration: NO SYS. diffusion-obtain oxygen from water
Reproduction: ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL

11. The Anatomy of a Sponge Outer epidermal layer
Section 26-2
Water flow
Osculum
Central cavity
Choanocyte
Pores
Spicule
Pore cell
Pore
Epidermal cell
Archaeocyte
Outer epidermal layer
jellylike middle layer ( amoeboid cells and spicules)
Spongocoel- inner cavity lined with choanocytes

12. Sponge Body Structures
A. Osculum: water exits-part of feeding
B. Pore cells (ostia): water enters-part of feeding
C. Collar cells:(choanocytes)- line interior, have flagella to filter food from water
D. Amoebocytes: carry nutrients from collar cells to body of the sponge
E. Spicules- support/skeleton
F. Epithelial cells-”skin”-support/protection

13. Simple Sponge Morphology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Simple Sponge Morphology

14. Three Body Types(Forms)
Asconoid- simple- pore cells open directly into sponge
Syconoid- more complex- pore cells open into canals
Leuconoid- most complex- pore cells open into canals that open into chamber (ex. Bath sponge)

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Sponge Body Forms

16. Classes Calcarea- spicule made of calcium carbonate-
Hexactinellida- glass sponge (spicule-silicon)
Demospongia- “people’s sponge”, spicules are spongin (ex. Bath)

17. Class Calcarea Grantia
Small
Vase shape
Spicules of calcium carbonate
Straight or 3-4 rays

18. Class Hexactinellida Euplectella
Spicules
Siliceous
6 rays

19. Class Demospongiae Spongia
Spicules
Siliceous
spongin

20. Fig a

21. Sponge Reproduction Asexually:
Fragments break off and grow into new individuals
Buds form from sides of parent sponge, break offnew sponge
can grow back missing parts (regeneration)
Sexually:
Hermaphrodites: produce both eggs and sperm
Gametes are released into water (external fertilization)larva swim to new area

22. Lifestyle and Importance
Aquatic- mostly marine
sessile as adults with free living larva
Importance- As filter feeders, they clean water in ecosystem
Large sponges filter 1500 liters/day

23. Precambrian Before 670 MYA Porifera Platyhelmithes Mollusca Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Nemertea
Annelida
Lophophores
Chordata
Precambrian
Before 670 MYA
Protozoans

24. How much did your brain “sponge” in?
What are the basic characteristics of Animals?
What does the word Porifera mean?
What type of structure?
provide the skeleton of a sponge?
Filter food out of the water?
Allows water to exit the sponge?
Class Hexactinellida has spicules made of?
How do sponges survive without body systems? (Be specific)