1. Self Assessment Chapter 2 Part 1

2. ___________ – anything that has mass and occupies space; can exist in three states: solid, liquid, or gas
___________ – study of matter and its interactions

3. Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space; can exist in three states: solid, liquid, or gas
Chemistry – study of matter and its interactions

4. ____________– found in central core of atom (atomic nucleus); positively charged
________– found in atomic nucleus; slightly larger than protons; no charge.
_________– found outside atomic nucleus; negatively charged

5. Protons (p+) – found in central core of atom (atomic nucleus); positively charged
Neutrons (n0) – found in atomic nucleus; slightly larger than protons; no charge.
Electrons (e-) – found outside atomic nucleus; negatively charged

6. Some atoms may have more than 3 shells
________ _________– regions surrounding atomic nucleus where electrons exist; each can hold a certain number of electrons:
1st shell (closest to nucleus) can hold ___ electrons
2nd shell can hold ____ electrons
3rd shell can hold 18 electrons but “satisfied” with ____
Some atoms may have more than 3 shells

7. Some atoms may have more than 3 shells
Electron shells – regions surrounding atomic nucleus where electrons exist; each can hold a certain number of electrons:
1st shell (closest to nucleus) can hold 2 electrons
2nd shell can hold 8 electrons
3rd shell can hold 18 electrons but “satisfied” with 8
Some atoms may have more than 3 shells

8. Number of protons that an atom has in its nucleus is its _____ number.
______ ______ defines every element:
__________ – substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical means
Each element is made of atoms with same number of _________

9. Number of protons that an atom has in its nucleus is its atomic number
Atomic number defines every element:
Element – substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical means
Each element is made of atoms with same number of protons

10. The human body is made up of four major elements:
Hydrogen
_________
Carbon

11. The human body is made up of four major elements:
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen

12. ______ number – equal to sum of all protons and neutrons found in atomic nucleus
Isotope – atom with same atomic number (same number of protons), but different mass number (different number of neutrons)
_________ – unstable isotopes; high energy or radiation released by radioactive decay; allows isotope to assume a more stable form

13. Mass number – equal to sum of all protons and neutrons found in atomic nucleus
Isotope – atom with same atomic number (same number of protons), but different mass number (different number of neutrons)
Radioisotopes – unstable isotopes; high energy or radiation released by radioactive decay; allows isotope to assume a more stable form

14. There are 3 basic types of mixtures: ________, _______, and ____________ .

15. There are 3 basic types of mixtures: suspensions, colloids, and solutions

16. The octet rule states that an atom is most stable when it has __ electrons in its ________ ________(as in CO2)

17. The octet rule states that an atom is most stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell (as in CO2)

18. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
_________ ________ are responsible for a key property of water— surface tension
Figure 2.7a Hydrogen bonding and surface tension between water molecules.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for a key property of water—surface tension
Figure 2.7a Hydrogen bonding and surface tension between water molecules.
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. All elements have protons that attract electrons; property known as ________________.

21. All elements have protons that attract electrons; property known as electronegativity.