1. Unit 2 Pre-Assessment: Chemistry/Organization of Life
Draw an atom. Label its two parts.
Explain the difference between an element and a compound.
Explain the difference between ionic and molecular compounds.
Explain how cells, tissues, organisms, organs and organ systems are related and what they are.
List the charge, location in the atom and relative mass of the 3 subatomic particles in an atom.
Explain the difference between atoms, cells and molecules.

2. What does Chemistry have to do with Biology?
Chemistry—is the study of matter; the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Matter—is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
ALL matter is composed of atoms.
Biology—is the study of life. Living things (cells) are made up of matter!!!
The structural composition of living organisms begins with:
atoms  molecules  compounds  organelles cells tissues  organs  organ systems  organisms
All matter is composed of atoms. All living things are made of cells which are also made of matter.

4. Atom vs. Molecule Atom—smallest particle of an element
Molecule—a combination of two or more atoms bonded together. The atoms can be different elements OR the same type of element.

5. Elements and Compounds
Element—simplest form of matter. Cannot be broken down, made of only one type of atom.
Compound –2 or more different elements that are chemically combined.
Mixture - 2 or more elements/compounds that are physically combined.

6. Atom, Molecule, Compound

7. Element, Compound or Mixture?

8. Atom, Proton, Neutron, Electron, Nucleus, ***Electron Cloud,
Elements are identified by their protons
Electron Cloud—Region of an atom where the electrons are located. Makes up very little mass, but most of the volume of the atom.
Electron Energy Levels – Contain orbitals/areas of probability for electrons (in the electron cloud). The further from the nucleus = the MORE energy the electron will have.
Nucleus – Center region of the atom where the protons and neutrons are located. Makes up almost the entire mass of the atom, but very little volume.

9. Reading the Periodic Table
Nuclear symbol

10. C 6
Carbon
12.011

11. Isotopes
The protons of an element never change, but the neutrons can be different in each isotope of an element.
Isotopes = atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
The atomic mass also changes between different isotopes.
Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of Carbon.
The mass number = protons + neutrons for each atom.
The mass number is NOT the number on the bottom of a square of the periodic table and should not be used to calculate neutrons.
The mass number is given in the isotope name instead.

12. Ions
Ion = an atom or group of atoms or molecules that has a positive or negative charge. LOSES OR GAINS ELECTRONS ONLY!!! 2 types of Ions: Cation—ion with a positive charge. (LOSES e-) Ca+2 (lost 2 electrons) Anion—ion with a negative charge. (GAINS e-) Cl- (gained 1 electron)

13. Practice with Ions Fluorine Gains 1 electron = F-1 (anion)
Calcium loses 2 electrons
= Ca (cation)
Lithium loses 1 electron
= Li+1 (cation)
Oxygen gains 2 electrons
=O (anion)

14. Discuss the following with a neighbor
Subatomic Particle
Location in atom
Charge

15. Discuss the following with a neighbor ANSWERS
Subatomic Particle
Location in atom
Charge
Proton
Nucleus +
Neutron
Electron
Electron Cloud (Energy Levels) -

16. Ionic Compound vs. Molecular Compound **ADD TO YOUR TABLE!!
Ionic Compounds—1) Chemical compounds (2 or more elements chemically combined) 2) formed when electrons are transferred between atoms (a metal and nonmetal) 3) and a strong attraction between oppositely charged ions forms. Examples: NaCl, MgO, MgCl2

17. Ionic Compound vs. Molecular Compound
Molecular Compounds—1) chemical compounds where 2) the atoms of 2 or more non-metals share electrons through 3) covalent bonds.

18. Why Bond?
Each electron energy level holds a certain number of electrons.
Atoms are most stable with filled outer energy levels (2 or 8 e-)
Atoms bond and form compounds to fill the outer electron energy levels
Electrons can be excited to higher levels.
They gain energy going up and lose energy going down.

19. Kahoot Review over Chemistry
Use your favorite famous person.

20. Organization of Living Things

21. Organization of Living Things
Cell—the basic unit of life. (basic building block of life) 2 types: Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Eukaryotic have smaller parts called organelles (next unit)

23. Organization of Living Things
Tissues—groups of cells performing a similar function. 4 types: 1. Muscle—movement 2. Epithelial—covering or lining of tissue 3. Connective—joins, supports Stores 4. Nervous—conducts electrical signals

24. Organization of Living Things
Organs—groups of 2 or more different types of tissue that perform one specific function. Ex. Stomach, Heart, Skin, Liver, Brain, Kidneys, Lungs, Leaf of plant

25. Organization of Living Things
Organ Systems—groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body.
Skeletal—protect and support your body
Muscular—helps your body move
Cardiovascular—pump blood throughout your body
Immune—body’s defense system
Respiratory—takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Digestive—breaks down food so it can be used by the body
Excretory—disposal of metabolic wastes
Reproductive—Produce egg or sperm
Nervous—receives and sends signals throughout the body
Endocrine—controls functions by releasing chemicals/hormones.
Integumentary—protects the tissue beneath them
Don’t have to write down the definitions.

27. Organization of Living Things
Organism—Groups of organ systems that perform many functions to sustain life.
Go back and write on your pre-assessment with red pen to fix.

28. Unit 2 Pre- assessment: Chemistry/Organization of Life (ANSWERS)
Draw an atom. Label its two parts.
Explain the difference between an element and a compound.
Element - A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compound - A substance made of atoms of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
Explain the difference between ionic and molecular compounds.
Ionic Compounds - Chemical compounds in which a strong attraction between metals and nonmetals holds them together in a bond. Formed by losing or gaining electrons.
Molecular Compounds - Chemical compounds where the atoms of 2 or more non-metals share electrons through weak covalent bonds.
Explain how cells, tissues, organisms, organs and organ systems are related and what they are.
Cells make up tissues make up organs make up organ systems make up organisms
Fix more with red pen

29. Explain the difference between atoms, cells and molecules.
List the charge, location in the atom and relative mass of the 3 subatomic particles in an atom.
Explain the difference between atoms, cells and molecules.
Atoms - Smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element.
Cells - Basic unit of living things
Molecules - A group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces.
Subatomic Particle
Charge
Location in atom
Relative Mass
Proton +
Nucleus 1
Electron -
Electron Cloud
(Energy Levels)
Neutron
Fix more with red pen

30. Read through the Learning Targets Read the directions on page 2
Unit 2 Packet
Read through the Learning Targets
Read the directions on page 2
You may want to make your concept map using a PENCIL!!

31. Concept Map p. 2