1. The Travel and Tourism Industry in Perspective
Chapter 1

2. Chapter 1 Objectives Identify the five categories of the industry
Explain why people travel, and identify factors that influence their decisions to travel
Identify where people travel, and describe requirements that destinations must satisfy to support travel and tourism
Describe economic and other factors that affect international, national, and local travel and tourism
Explain what the term “Ecotourism” means

3. Travel & Tourism Industry Categories
Lodging Operations
Sleeping Accommodations
Food & Beverage Operations
Food & Beverage Service
Transportation Services
Means by which traveler gets to/from each place
Retail Stores
Shopping Venues from markets to malls
Activities
Recreational, Entertainment, Business

4. Why Do People Travel?
Leisure
Business

5. Factors that Influence Travel Decisions
Internal or “Push” Factors
Health
Curiosity
Sports
Pleasure
Family/Friends
Spiritual/Religious
Business
Prestige

6. Factors that Influence Travel Decisions
External or “Pull” Factors
Culture
History
Geography
Wildlife
Entertainment
Cuisine
Shopping
Architecture

7. Class Discussion
Each student should select a destination and describe the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL factors of why you want to go there.

8. Who is less likely to travel?
Those unable to afford travel
Those who feel uncomfortable in strange surroundings
Those whose desired destinations are experiencing terrorist attacks or actual wars
Those without the time to travel due to work or family circumstances
Those with disabilities

9. Where do people travel? Leisure Travelers Business Travelers
More freedom in making a decision
Can be selective
Business Travelers
Less leeway in making a decision
Must go where the business is

10. 5 Requirements for Destinations
Natural Resources
Climate, geography, plants, animals, water
Infrastructure
Systems for water, sewer, electricity, communication
Highways, airports, railroads, boats
Superstructure
Hotels, retail and entertainment facilities

11. 5 Requirements for Destinations (cont.)
Transportation
Cars, boats, planes, trains
Hospitality Resources
Community - residents, businesspeople, government
Culture, arts, music

12. Factors that impact Tourism
Globalization and Expansion
Currency Exchange Rates
Value of US dollar in each country
Terrorism
Economic Conditions
Unstable economy deters people from spending
Availability and Cost of Fossil Fuels
Increase in gasoline prices invented “staycations”

13. The Ripple Effect
The ripple effect is the economic boost that non-tourism industries receive as a result of the tourism industry.
Economists disagree over the extent of the ripple effect, but nobody disputes that the hospitality industry can help other businesses in a geographic area.
Some authorities estimate that for every tourist dollar spent in lodging properties, three tourist dollars are spent elsewhere in the community.

14. Ecotourism
"Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local citizens."
International Ecotourism Society

15. Ecotourism Is the environment being cared for?
Is there genuine effort to help the local economies?
Are resources being left intact for future generations?
Is local culture being honored and valued?
Are we reducing one’s carbon footprint?

16. Examples of Ecotourism
tours of ancient Mayan ruins
bird watching
collaborating with a conservation agency to map the habits of endangered species such as the black rhino
mountain biking or riding a bicycle
zip-line canopy tours that enable travelers to observe the fauna and flora of a rain forest without leaving a carbon footprint
rappelling off a cliff

17. Environmentally Friendly
AH&LA partnered with Green Seal
Recognizes those with environmental leadership
Greenwashing – when a product or service is heavily advertised as environmentally friendly but contributes little to sustainable practices.

18. Eco-conscience Certifications
Eco-conscious certifications are offered to the hotel industry by such organizations as:
Green Seal
LEED
Energy Star
Green Globe
Green Leaf
Green Seal Hotels
Marriott LEED Hotels

19. Energy Costs Impact Fuel Costs
Airlines reduce flights and increase fares
Less flights impact areas with few flights to get there
Higher gas prices mean families stay closer to home

20. Q & A