1. EDU 711 Science and Technology Education
Trimester 1
2014
Week 6
Lecturer : Mrs. Runaaz Sharma

2. Earth Moon, Eclipse and Tides

3. The Moon
The revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon appear as if it is changing shape in the sky.
From Earth we see the Moon grow from a thin crescent to a full disk (or full moon) and then shrink back to a thin crescent again before vanishing for a few days.
It takes our Moon about 27.3 days to completely cycle through all eight phases.
This is known as a Lunar month

4. What is the phase of the moon?
The changing shape of the bright part of the Moon that we see is called its phase.

5. What causes the different phases of the Moon?
The phases of the Moon depend on its position in relation to the Sun and Earth.
As the Moon makes its way around the Earth, we see the bright parts of the Moon's surface at different angles.

6. Why the Moon Shines
The moon is not like the sun
It does not create it’s own light
It reflects sunlight = Moon light
(The part of the moon facing the sun is lit up. The part facing away from the sun is in darkness.)
Only the side of the
moon facing the sun can
be seen
Other side in shadow

7. Motions of the Moon ion 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite
The Moon rotates on its axis.
The Moon’s rotation takes 27.3 days with the same side always facing Earth.
The moon revolves around the Earth.
Revolution takes 27.3 days
Because the moon revolves around Earth and Rotates at the same rate, this is why we always see the same side of the moon.

8. The phases of the moon There are eight phases of the moon
The phases are named after how much of the moon we can see, and whether the amount visible is increasing, or decreasing each day.
Phases: Daily change in the moon’s appearance
Occur because the moon reflects sunlight and orbiting Earth
Our view point and the Moon’s position determines what we see

9. Moon Phases Waxing: More & more of the moon becomes visible
Occurs between New moon and Full moon
Waning: Less & less of the moon is visible
Occurs between Full moon and New Moon
The Eight Main Phases are :
1.) New Moon 5.) Full Moon
2.) Waxing Crescent 6.)Waning Gibbous
3.) First Quarter 7.) Last Quarter
4.) Waxing Gibbous 8.) Waning Crescent

10. 1st Quarter
New Moon
Waxing Crescent
Waxing Gibbous
Waning Gibbous
3rd Quarter
Waning Crescent
Full Moon

11. MYTH and FOLKLORE
The full moon of each month is given a name. There are many variations but the following list gives the most widely known names:
January – Wolf Moon July – Hay Moon
February – Ice Moon August – Corn Moon
March – Storm Moon Sept. – Harvest Moon
April – Growing Moon Oct. – Hunter’s Moon
May – Hare Moon Nov. Snow Moon
June – Mead Moon Dec. – Winter Moon
When there are 2 full moons in a month the second is called a BLUE MOON.

12. Eclipses Eclipses occur when the sun, Earth, & Moon align
Caused by the position of the moon
The moon’s orbit is not on the same plane as Earth’s
Can only occur when orbits cross
Shadows are the reason for the phenomena
The Moon’s orbit is tilted about 5 degrees from the Earth’s

13. Shadow Structure
Penumbra
Umbra

14. Parts of a Shadow: Shadows have 2 parts: Umbra: Darkest part (center)
Penumbra: Lighter part (outside)

15. Solar Eclipses Solar Eclipse : Moon’s shadow covers part of the Earth
Blocks view of the sun
Only occur during New Moon
Occur every year, only seen in specific areas
Total Solar Eclipse:
The moon blocks out the sun
Only the Corona is seen glowing
Partial Solar Eclipse:
Moon’s penumbra shades part of sun

16. Total Solar Eclipse Partial Solar Eclipse

17. Lunar Eclipses When the moon passes into the Earth’s Shadow
Partial eclipse occur when the moon is in the Penumbra
Total eclipse occur when the moon is in the Umbra
Total Eclipse must occur during Full moons (about once a year)
Moon turns blood red in color

18. The moon becomes a blood red color during a total lunar eclipse
The moon becomes a blood red color during a total lunar eclipse. No wonder that ancient cultures feared the appearance of the moon during a lunar eclipse.

19. The Blood Moon Moon Earth Sunlight Earth’s Atmosphere
The moon often does not totally disappear during a total lunar eclipse. Instead it can be seen as a very dark red color because of the refraction of sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere.

20. Tides Daily fluctuations in the ocean levels
Two high and two low tides per day
A result of the difference in gravitational pull from one side of the Earth to the other

21. The idea behind Tides
There are two tidal bulges: two high tides per day, because:
Moon pulls water towards it on one side
Earth is pulled towards the Moon, away from the water on the other side
Force of Moon on water (strong)
Force of Moon on Earth (weaker)
Force of Moon on “back-water” (much weaker)

22. Tutorial activities
Draw sketches ,briefly describe the positions of earth. Moon .and sun during each of the major phases of the moon
Explain the reasons for the phases of the moon using the earth, moon and sun motions as reference ?
Why is it important for teachers to address students misconceptions when teaching about such topics? Discuss several strategies with examples teachers can use to find out students ideas about the topic ?

23. Some useful sites
ces.shtml
e=Moon_and_Tides
References
Peacock,G., Sharp,J., Johnsey,R.,& Wright,D. (2012). Primary Science: Knowledge and Understanding.(6th ed.) SAGE publications,London.
Tillery, B.W.,& Enger,E.D., & Ross, F.C. (2011). Integrated Science .(5th ed.). McGraw- Hill Companies Inc. New York