1. 1-3 notes
Spacecraft

2. How do objects look from different distances?
Think about
How do objects look from different distances?

3. Space travel requires very careful planning.
near earth
Space travel requires very careful planning.

4. Astronauts must take everything with them-food, water, and even air!
near earth
Astronauts must take everything with them-food, water, and even air!

5. Final launch of space shuttle Discovery:
near earth
Spacecraft need powerful rockets and huge fuel tanks to lift all their weight up against Earth’s gravity.
Final launch of space shuttle Discovery:
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6. near earth
The equipment used for space travel must be well designed because a breakdown can be fatal.

7. Apollo 13, April 1970 Third mission meant to land on the moon.
Oxygen tank exploded 2 days into the mission, damaging the spacecraft.
Crew had to use the Moon’s gravity to slingshot back to Earth.
All 3 crew members survived but the mission failed
“Houston, we’ve had a problem” –Jack Swigert

8. Challenger Space Shuttle disaster, 1986
Space shuttle exploded shortly after liftoff, on live television.
Cold weather caused important “O-ring” seals to fail.
All 7 crew members were killed.

9. Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster, 2003
Space shuttle Columbia broke apart when re-entering Earth’s atmosphere.
Caused by debris shed by the shuttle.
All 7 crew members were killed.

10. Space is a very different environment compared to Earth.
near earth
Space is a very different environment compared to Earth.
People and objects float freely unless fastened down.
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11. The Evolution of the spacesuit
1935-Designed by B.F. Goodrich

12. The Evolution of the spacesuit
XMC-2 Suit, by David Clark Company
Used in 1955

13. The Evolution of the spacesuit
MC-2 Suit
Became the basis for many future U.S. space suits

14. The Evolution of the spacesuit
MK-IV Suit worn by Alan Shepherd, the first American in space, 1961.

15. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Neil Armstrong in the G2-C, used for early testing for lunar missions.

16. The Evolution of the spacesuit
G4-C Spacesuit, worn in the first U.S. spacewalk by Ed White, 1965.

17. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Buzz Aldrin on the moon in the A7L suit,

18. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Gene Cernan on the moon in the A7LB suit, 1972.

19. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Launch Entry Suit, aka “Pumpkin” Suit by David Clark Company,

20. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Advanced Crew Escape Suit, first used 1994

21. The Evolution of the spacesuit
Z-1 Prototype Suit

22. Satellite: an object that orbits a more massive object.
Moon missions
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite called Sputnik.
Satellite: an object that orbits a more massive object.

23. Moon missions
The Soviet Union was also the first to send a human into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961.

24. Moon missions
In the 1960’s, space exploration was focused on a race to the Moon, driven by the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

25. The U.S. succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon in 1969.
Moon missions
The U.S. succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon in 1969.

26. Moon missions
Preparation
NASA sent spacecraft without crews to the moon to see if a landing was possible.
Astronauts were also sent to space to practice important procedures.

27. Landings NASA’S missions to the moon were called Apollo
Moon missions
Landings
NASA’S missions to the moon were called Apollo
Apollo 11 was the first successful landing of humans on the moon.
resulted in 5 more successful Moon landings.

28. Orbiting earth
A space station is a satellite where people can live and work for long periods.
After the Soviet Union fell apart, the Russian Space Agency and NASA started working together on Mir, the Russian space station.

30. Astronauts first boarded in 2000.
Orbiting Earth
Construction of the International Space Station began in between 15 nations.
Astronauts first boarded in 2000.
Scientists conduct experiments aboard the station.

31. Orbiting Earth
Since 2000, the ISS has been continuously manned for more than 16 years.
There are currently 6 astronauts on board, led by US astronaut Shane Kimbrough as Commander.

32. Orbiting earth
Most crews have flown to the ISS in space shuttles, which could be used again and again to transport scientists to and from the ISS.

33. Spacecraft carry instruments to other worlds
We have not sent humans to other planets-yet.
Most research in space has been accomplished through the use of spacecraft with no crew- robotics.

34. NASA has a manned mission to Mars scheduled for the 2030’s which means…
The first person to walk on Mars is probably between years old right now!

35. The planet’s gravity can be used to change its speed or direction.
flybys
A flyby sends a spacecraft to fly past one or more planets or other objects in space.
The planet’s gravity can be used to change its speed or direction.

36. It will continue to transmit until 2025.
flybys
Voyager 1 flew past Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune after launching in 1977.
It is the farthest traveling man- made object, about 20,500,000,000 km from Earth as of 12/16.
It will continue to transmit until

37. flybys
On board Voyager 1 is the Golden Record, containing music, sounds, images, and greetings from Earth to any intelligent life in the galaxy, should they exist and come across our spacecraft.

38. orbiters
An orbiter is designed to study a planet over a long period of time by orbiting it.

39. Orbiters allow scientists to make detailed maps of planets and moons

40. A lander is designed to land on a planet’s surface.
Landers and probes
A lander is designed to land on a planet’s surface.
Images taken by a lander can show the actual surface of the planet or object.

41. Spacecraft have been successfully landed on:
Landers and probes
Spacecraft have been successfully landed on:

42. Landers and probes
Venus (USSR, 1970)

43. Landers and probes
Mars (US, 1976)

44. Landers and probes
Eros Asteroid (US, 2001)

45. Titan, Moon of Saturn (European Space Agency, 2005)
Landers and probes
Titan, Moon of Saturn (European Space Agency, 2005)

46. Comet 67P (European Space Agency, 2014)
Landers and probes
Comet 67P (European Space Agency, 2014)

47. A probe drops into a planet’s atmosphere to study its gases.
Landers and probes
A probe drops into a planet’s atmosphere to study its gases.
Probes are important for studying the atmospheres of giant planets like Jupiter.

48. What was the goal of the Apollo program? To view Earth from Space.
review
What was the goal of the Apollo program?
To view Earth from Space.
To explore the Sun.
To explore the Moon.
To explore other planets.

49. 2. Which type of mission produces detailed maps of a planet? Flyby
review
2. Which type of mission produces detailed maps of a planet?
Flyby
Orbiter
Lander
Probe