1. Antebellum

2. Life of Franklin Pierce
Born – Nov. 23, 1804 in Hillsborough, NH
Education – Graduate of Bowdoin College 1824
Occupation – Lawyer
Political Party – Democratic
Married – Nov. 19, 1834 to Jane Means Appleton
Died – Oct. 8, 1869

3. Election of 1852
Democrats
President – Franklin Pierce (NH) – 254 electoral votes
Vice President – William R. King (AL)
Whigs
President – Winfield Scott (NY) – 42
Vice President – William A. Graham (NC)
Free-Soil
President – John P. Hale (NH) – 0
Vice President – George W. Julian (IN)

4. Pres. Franklin Pierce

5. Pierce and “Young America”
Commerce
1853 – Commodore Matthew C. Perry opened trade with Japan
1854 – Reciprocity Treaty – Increased trade with Canada
Territorial Expansion
Wanted to annex Hawaii (not done until 1898)

6. Commodore Matthew C. Perry

7. Territorial Expansion (continued)
1853 – Gadsden Purchase – Strip of land in southern New Mexico and Arizona
Purpose of the purchase was to provide a good route for the Transcontinental railroad across the South
Ostend Manifesto – U.S. sought to buy Cuba from Spain.
Spain refused
The Manifesto threatened military seizure of Cuba if Spain continued to refuse

8. Gadsden Purchase

9. Pierce was called a “doughface” President
A “doughface” was a northern man with southern principles
Pierce was called a “doughface” because his cabinet was dominated by southerners such as Sec. of War Jefferson Davis, he sought a southern route for the Transcontinental Railroad, he wanted to annex potential slave territory such as Cuba. He seemed to working for the good of the South

10. A book forces the issue on Slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe
Her book tried to portray the entire range of experiences a slave could have from good owners to bad
She gave her first book to her congressmen..
Sold more than 10,000 copies and with in a year sold 300,000 copies
This put a new light on slavery!

11. Lincoln to Harriet Beecher Stowe “is this the little woman whose book made such a great war?

12. Economic Growth Railroads
1840s – Less than 3,000 miles of track in U.S.
1860 – Over 30,000 miles of track
railroads pioneered big business by creating a national market
Textile Industry
Started the factory system
Elias Howe – Invented the sewing machine (1846)
Isaac Singer – Improved the sewing machine (1851)
Mechanization, that started in textile factories, spread to other industries

13. Economic Growth (continued)
Agriculture
South
Cotton – “King Cotton”
Large plantations and small farms
3,500,000 slaves provided labor
Midwest
Grain and livestock
Family farms
Labor saving machines
Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper
Mechanical threshers

14. Decline of the Two Party System
Whigs
Poor performance in 1852
Slavery divided the party along North-South lines
Know-Nothing Party (also called the American Party)
Grew in 1840s and early 1850s
1855 – Second largest party in U.S.
Anti-immigration and anti-Catholic
Declined due to poor leadership and slavery issue
called know-Nothing Party because members were instructed to say “I know nothing” when asked about its secret proceedings

15. Continuing Sources of Tension
Strengthened fugitive slave laws
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Formation of the Republican Party
Conflicts in “Bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott v. Sanford

16. Life of James Buchanan
Born – April 23, 1791 near Mercersburg, PA (Only President from PA)
Education – Graduate of Dickinson College (1809)
Occupation – Lawyer
Never Married (Our only bachelor President)
Died – June 1, 1868

17. Pres. James Buchanan

18. Election of 1856
Democrat
President – James Buchanan (PA) – 174 electoral votes
Vice President – John C. Breckinridge (KY)
Republican
President – John C. Fremont (CA) - 114
Vice President – William L. Dayton (NJ)
Know Nothing/Whig
President – Millard Fillmore (NY) – 8
Vice President – Andrew J. Donelson (TN)

19. John Brown’s Raid Oct. 16, 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA (now W.V.)
Brown planned to arm slaves and lead a revolt with weapons from the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry
Brown was quickly cornered by VA militia and U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee
Dec. 2, 1859 – Brown was hanged following a conviction of treason and other crimes

20. John Brown

21. To Abraham Lincoln
“If you are as happy, my dear sir, on entering (the White House) as I am leaving it, you are the happiest man in the Country!!

22. Life of Abraham Lincoln
Born – Feb. 12, 1809 near Hodgenville, KY
Education – Self taught; Studied law privately
Occupation – Lawyer
Political Party – Republican
Married – Nov. 4, 1842 to Mary Todd
Died – April 15, 1865

23. Pres. Abraham Lincoln

24. Election of 1860 Republican
President – Abraham Lincoln (IL) – 180 electoral votes
Vice President – Hannibal Hamlin (ME)
Democrat
President – Stephen A. Douglas (GA) - 12
Southern Democrats
President – John C. Breckinridge (KY) – 72
Vice President – Joseph Lane (OR)
Constitutional Union
President – John Bell (TN) – 39
Vice President – Edward Everett (MA)

25. Election of 1864 Republican
President – Abraham Lincoln (IL) – 212 electoral votes
Vice President – Andrew Johnson (TN)
Democrat
President – George McClellan (OH) – 21
Vice President – George H. Pendleton

26. Lincoln’s Quotes
“I have been told I was on the road to hell, but I had no idea it was just a mile down the road with a dome on it”
“A House divided against itself cannot stand.” I believe this gov’t cannot endure permantly half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved- I do not expect the house to fall – But I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.

27. “When the hour comes for dealing with slavery, I trust I will be willing to do my duty though it cost my life”
“Whenever I Hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally.”
“If you once forfeit the confidence of your fellow citizens, you can never regain their respect and esteem. It is true that you may fool all the people some of the time; you can even fool some of the people all of the time; but you can’t fool all the people all of the time.”

28. “ If I am killed, I can die but once; but to live in constant dread of it, is to die over and over again.”………….