1. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Made up of Puritans, who established a community based on “pure biblical teachings” on Plymouth, Massachusetts after establishing a government through the Mayflower Compact 1

2. New England Colonies
Economy was based on shipbuilding, fishing, and self-sufficient farms 2

3. The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Made up of religiously tolerant colonies that included a diversity of people and religions 3

4. The Middle Colonies
Relied on shipping and trading, but also had farmers that relied on selling crops like rye, wheat, and barley 4

5. The Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Came to New World hoping to get rich and buy new land, starting with the Virginia Company founding Jamestown as a joint- stock company 5

6. The Southern Colonies
Economy was based on large farms producing products such as tobacco, tar, and rice in a plantation system that used indentured servants and slaves, who arrived in the South in the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade Route 6

7. Types of Colonies
Royal Colonies – governed directly by Great Britain, who would appoint a governor
Proprietary Colonies – governed by Great Britain, but through the king granting land to an individual or group
Charter Colonies – governed themselves but still had allegiance to Great Britain 7

8. Special Colonies
Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson after a break from the Puritans
Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, became home to the Quakers, who preached equality and pacifism as well as religious tolerance 8

9. Special Colonies
Maryland became a land of Catholics started by Lord Baltimore
Georgia became a haven for English debtors and a buffer zone between the colonies and Spanish Florida 9

10. The Zenger case-1735
John Peter Zenger published articles accusing New York govener of abusing power
Zenger was accused of trying to stir up rebellion and was jailed
Hamilton, Zenger’s lawyer declared he was innocent and freedom of press was basic right

11. Zenger case cont. Zenger found not guilty
Didn’t change law or guarantee freedom of press
Inspired colonists to fight for freedom of press and criticise abuses of power

12. Describe why freedom of the press is as important in our society today as it was in the 1700’s. Use current events to illustrate your point.

13. Early Self-Government
Ancient Greece came up with democracy (people rule by voting), Romans came up with republic (people rule by electing representatives that vote for them)
Middle Ages had kings, queens and other rulers that nobody questioned and they had sole authority. The Magna Carta (1215) was signed by King John forcing him to give up some power to the nobles, leading to limited government 13

14. Later Self-Government
Parliament began in the 13th century as the legislative body and took powers away from the king
The English Bill of Rights gave Parliament power and rights that the king could not remove (1689) 14

15. People of the Enlightenment
The Renaissance led to a new wave of ideas in the late 1600s, the Enlightenment
Thomas Hobbes all people are born with rights strong national government to maintain order
John Locke people are born with “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property
Montesquieu three branches of government
Jean Jacque Rousseau equality of people 15

16. Self-Government in the Colonies
House of Burgesses – first government established in the colonies
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – set limits on what government could do and banded citizens in the colony together 16

17. Tensions Start Between Britain and Colonies
Navigation Acts (1660)
French and Indian War (1754)
Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Writs of Assistance (1760)
Proclamation Line of 1763 17

18. How to analyze a political cartoon.
Symbols are used to convey messages (people, animals, or objects that stand for something else) What do they represent?
Use few words, words used are important Labels help identify symbols and captions help explain meaning
What is the point of view of the cartoonist?
What is the cartoonist saying about the issue?

20. Continuing Tensions British Laws and Taxes in 1760s
Quartering Act: Must provide accommodations and food for British soldiers
Stamp Act: must put stamp on all legal papers and newspapers
Declaratory Act: repealed stamp act
Townshend Acts: imposed taxes on many imported goods

21. What was so unfair about how the class was taxed?
How could it have been handled more fairly?
Why were tax collectors tarred and feathered?
Why were British goods boycotted?
What methods and organizations were devised by the colonists in order to resist and circumvent these laws?
How significant were these laws to the ultimate break from Great Britain?

22. What did the colonists do?
Boston Massacre
Colonists threw rocks, snowballs, ice, etc at British soldiers who open fired killing 5
Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed as Indians and dumped tea into the Boston harbor at night
Intolerable Acts
In response to Boston Tea Party, meant to punish Boston

23. Revolutionary War Shot Heard Round the World starts war
1775 – Lexington and Concord Battles
1776 – Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense
1776 – Declaration of Independence is written by Thomas Jefferson 23

24. American Identity (1.4)
1) Public Education – Puritans began it, eventually laws required it for all people in Massachusetts, Harvard and Yale were founded
2) Religious Pluralism – variety of religions (First Great Awakening, freedom of religion, separation of church and state)
3) Egalitarianism – “Natural Rights” leading to consent of the governed and nationalism
4) Limited Equality – suffrage granted only to a few at first, slavery was well established, women were second-class citizens 24

25. State Constitutions (1.5)
Colonies became states and drew up their own constitutions
State constitutions had three branches of government and a bicameral legislature 25

26. The Articles of Confederation
a.       A unicameral body of representatives from each state, designed to deal only with issues the states could not (ex: forming an army)
b.       Accomplishments were the Treaty of Paris (with England after the war), the Land Ordinance of 1785 dividing the western lands into townships, and the Northwest Ordinance of that divided the Great Lakes lands into townships 26

27. Articles of Confederation Fail
Weaknesses of the Articles were:
Articles did not give enough power to the Congress to impose taxes, to borrow money, and to enforce laws
It had rules that were too rigid to change
The fall of the Articles were caused by:
The growing national debt
Shay’s Rebellion: Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shay led a rebellion that was put down, made people fear more rebellions would happen due to weak nat. gov’t and the growing debt 27

28. The Philadelphia Convention
The Philadelphia Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, but they realized that a new constitution needed to be created, leading to the delegates forming a new government through compromises (5 compromises) 28

29. 1. The Great Compromise
The first Compromise involved the setup of the government. The first idea was the Virginia Plan (two houses, both by population) liked by the larger states. The smaller states preferred the New Jersey Plan (one house, by state) because each state had equal representation. The Connecticut Compromise, or Great Compromise, combined these two ideas to create our current legislature with two houses, one by population and the other by state. 29

30. 2. The 3/5 Compromise
The second Compromise involved slaves in the population. The North did not want slaves to count in the population because it meant the South would have more people, and the South wanted slaves to count for the same reason. The 3/5 Compromise said that for every 5 slaves, 3 of them would count. 30

31. 3. The Slave Trade Compromise
The third Compromise involved trade. The North thought that Congress should control all trade, and the South thought that it shouldn’t because it would affect the slave trade. The Slave Trade Compromise allowed Congress to regulate trade but it could not touch the slave trade for 20 years. 31

32. 4. Electoral College Compromise
The fourth Compromise involved the election of the President. Some were worried that giving people the power to elect the President would be problematic (they didn’t trust the average person), so they let people elect electors who would vote and elect the President. This is called the Electoral College Compromise. 32

33. 5. Bill of Rights Compromise
The fifth Compromise involved the Bill of Rights. The Federalists believed that the Constitution specifically gave Congress some things it could not do to people, but the Antifederalists eventually convinced them to yield to a Bill of Rights that protect citizens, our first 10 amendments to the Constitution. 33

34. Principles of Constitution
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Rule of Law
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Federalism

35. Popular Sovereignty Limited Government People are sovereign
Government gets power from people
Limited Government
Gov’t has as much power as people give it
Specific limitations set by constitution
Gov’t nor any official is “above the law”

36. On your own:
Using the text define the rest of the principles of the constitution.
Explain what some of the checks and balances were
Why were the powers of the government separated?

37. Federalists v. Antifederalists (1.6)
Federalists thought:
1) Strong Central Government
2) Support the Constitution
3) Loose Interpretation of the Constitution
Antifederalists thought:
1) Strong State Governments
2) Opposed the Constitution, Supported Bill of Rights
3) Strict Interpretation of the Constitution 37

38. Preamble
We the people in order to form a more perfect union establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America

39. The Bill of Rights
1 –
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 –
6 –
7 –
8 –
9 –
10 – 39

40. The Bill of Rights (1.7) 1 – Five Freedoms and Establishment
2 – Right to Bear Arms, Have Militia
3 – No Quartering
4 – No illegal searches or seizures
5 – Five Rights of Individual Arrests
6 – Rights of the Accused, Speedy/Public
7 – Civil Cases Rights of Accused
8 – Fines, Bails and Cruel or Unusual Punishment
9 – Rights of People
10 – Rights of States 40

41. Forms of Government (1.8)
Direct Democracy – people themselves vote on issues
Representative Democracy/Republic – people elect representatives to vote on issues for them
Autocracy – power rests in the hands of a single individual
Absolute Monarchy – ruled by king or queen with unlimited power
Limited Monarchy – ruled by king or queen with limited power given by the law 41

42. Forms of Government
Dictatorship – the word of the ruling party becomes law
Totalitarianism – the state is more important than the individuals
Oligarchy – government ruled by a few people
Aristocracy – government ruled by the upper classes
Theocracy – government ruled by religion
Anarchy – the concept of no government 42