1. Objective: To learn about the characteristics of life
Criteria For Life
Objective: To learn about the characteristics of life

2. Planet Earth

3. Do Now
Using your knowledge of science, define ‘life.’ Be sure to include any characteristics that living things share. [Responses should be 3-4 sentences.]

4. Biology and Biodiversity
Biology: the study of life and living things
Biodiversity: the variety of species in an area

5. Finding Nemo

6. Things You Need to Build a Barrier Reef
How can we group these things?

7. Biotic and Abiotic Biotic: The living parts of the environment
Abiotic: The nonliving parts of the environment
Example:
Biotic- Fish, coral, seaweed
Abiotic- Water, light, sand

8. Identify 3 biotic and 3 abiotic factors

9. Living vs Nonliving
Living
Nonliving

10. 7 Characteristics of Life
Living things are composed of cells
Living things have different levels of organization
Living things use energy
Living things respond to the environment
Living things grow and develop
Living things reproduce
Living things adapt to the environment

11. Living things are composed of cells
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the most basic unit of life
All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells

12. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies started as one cell and by the time they are born have 26 billion! Many of them have specialized functions.

13. Living things have different levels of organization
5 Levels of organization Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism

14. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies have all sorts of body systems! Including skeletal, nervous, immune, digestive, and more! In all of the systems are organs, tissues, and cells!

15. Living things use energy
Energy is obtained from the sun or other organisms
Respiration: Chemical process by which an organism obtains energy from food materials in order to maintain life functions. *This refers to cellular respiration, not breathing.

16. Living things use energy
Nutrition: All activities that an organism does to get materials from the environment and prepare them for use
Excretion: Removal of waste products that organism itself has made
Steps in Nutrition

17. Living things use energy
Metabolism: All chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism
Synthesis: The process by which an organism builds large molecules from smaller ones

18. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies get energy from their mother’s breast milk and formula! They also sweat and poop!

19. Living things respond to the environment
Respond to changes in light, sound, heat, chemicals, and movement.
Homeostasis: the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes

20. Living things respond to the environment
Regulation: The coordination and control of activities of an organism and the response to its environment using nerve impulses or hormones

21. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies respond to their environment by crying! They react to loud noises, heat, smells, and more! But, their bodies ability to maintain homeostasis keeps their insides stable!

22. Living things grow and develop
Development: The series of changes which organisms undergo to become mature
From a lower to a higher state of organization.  

23. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies grow! They develop into children, then teenagers, then adults!

24. Living things reproduce
Reproduction: The process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type
Sexual and asexual

25. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies are a product of reproduction! Someday, when they develop, they too can have babies!

26. Living things adapt to the environment
Species adapt NOT individuals
Evolution: the process by which species have changed over time

27. Why is a baby considered living?
Babies are humans! Humans have long history of adaption; evidence shows they evolved from a species of apes!

28. 7 Characteristics of Life
Living things are composed of cells
Living things have different levels of organization
Living things use energy
Living things respond to the environment
Living things grow and develop
Living things reproduce
Living things adapt to the environment

29. Father of Taxonomy Taxonomy: The study of classification
Carolus Linnaeus
18th century Naturalist
Two most important contributions:
Hierarchical classification system
Binomial Nomenclature

30. Classification Classification: The process of grouping organisms
You
Classification: The process of grouping organisms
How? By making categories based upon similarities and differences.
Why? Because of the natural human desire for order.

31. Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature: system for naming things using Genus and species (two names)
Used by all countries, in all languages, to avoid confusion among scientists.
Genus is written first with an Upper case, species is written second with a lower case.
Panthera tigris
Malus domestica

32. The Basis for Classification
Structural (anatomy and physiology)
Biochemical (enzymes, proteins, DNA)
Cytological (cell structure)
Embryological (development)
Behavioral (patterns of actions)
Fossil (common ancestor)

33. Major Taxonomic Groups
Six Kingdoms
Archaebacteria: Oldest life forms
Eubacteria: Most living bacteria
Fungi: Molds, yeasts, mushrooms, etc.
Plantae: Plants
Animalia: Animals
Protista: Single-celled organisms (eukaryotic) S4

34. Dichotomous Key
Dichotomous Key: Tool used by biologists to identify an unknown organism
Series of paired statements of anatomical description that leads to an identification. S5

35. Identify each bird.

36. Bird Identification: Answers
Bird W is Geospiza
Bird X is Platyspiza
Bird Y is Certhidea
Bird Z is Camarhynchus
Galapagos Finches
Figure 1. Certhidea

37. Carcharodon carcharias
Fin.