1. Past Perfect Tense

2. Examples When Sally arrived at the café, the café had closed.
I called her last night, but she had gone to bed.
The rain had stopped before I left home this morning.

3. When Mary arrived, the meeting had started
When Mary arrived, the meeting had started. Event 1: the meeting started Event 2: Mary arrived 1 2
Future
Now
Past Perfect
Past

4. When the police arrived, the thief had gone
When the police arrived, the thief had gone. Event 1: the thief had gone Event 2: the police arrived 1 2
Future
Now
Past Perfect
Past

5. Practice When I got to the shop, it had closed.
When I (get) to the shop, it (close).
(I got to the shop at 11pm)
(the shop closed at 10pm)
When I got to the shop, it had closed.

6. They had eaten everything by the time I arrived at the party.
Practice
They (eat) everything by the time I (arrive) at the party.
They had eaten everything by the time I arrived at the party.

7. When we left the beach, the rain had already started.
Practice
3. When we (leave) the beach, the rain (already start).
(We left the beach at 2pm)
(The rain started at 1:45pm)
When we left the beach, the rain had already started.

8. 5. The car had gone when I looked into the street. 6
5. The car had gone when I looked into the street. 6. The post had not arrived when I left the house this morning.

9. Past Tense vs Past Perfect Tense
When Mary arrived, the meeting started. Event A: Mary arrived Event B: the meeting started A B
Future
Now
Past Perfect
Past

10. When Mary arrived, the meeting had started
When Mary arrived, the meeting had started. Event 1: the meeting started Event 2: Mary arrived 1 2
Future
Now
Past Perfect
Past

11. Practice 1
'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he _____________(go) home.‘
had gone