1. Nasals
[m], [n], [ŋ]

2. Whip around Where would you take your dream vacation and why?
Think about this question and be prepared to share aloud with the whole class.

3. Quick review
List the plosives.
List the fricatives.

4. Let’s stretch
Body
Face
Voice
See handout

5. [m] production https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o7H0 eoj2SI
Close your lips, but keep your teeth very slightly apart.
Lower your soft palate, and rest your tongue on the floor of the mouth.
Produce voice, allowing the air to come our through your nose.

6. [m] Sample: The man was calm after he hit his thumb with the hammer.
Spellings:
m as in man mm as in hammer
mb as in thumb lm as in calm
mn as in column gm as in diaphragm

7. Practice words
Beginning Middle End middle family crumb moving summer fame mouse remember autumn milk demand paradigm metal woman psalm

8. Page 170
Practice words aloud

9. Practice sentences I’m going to school for one summer semester.
He’s the only man I know who isn’t coming with the team.
The Romans certainly made mammoth columns.
The fireman clamped his thumb on the gleaming bomb.

10. [n] production https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDrdgvk -G30
Open your mouth slightly. Place the tip of your tongue on the upper gum ridge. At the same time, place the sides of your tongue along the upper inside surface of the molars.
Lower the soft palate so that air can leave via your nostrils.
Produce voice.

11. [n]
Sample: Due to the pneumonia he could not pick up pennies with a knife.
Spellings:
n as in no nn as in penny
kn as in knife gn as in gnat
pn as in pneumonia mn as in mnemonic

12. Practice words
Beginning Middle End knit tunnel barn number finish mine know peanut began nose bench alone nation concert brown

13. Page 173
Practice words

14. Practice sentences
The flint knife was found in the abandoned tin mine.
Nancy didn’t have any subway tokens.
The price of peanuts is nearing a penny a pound.
He put his sore hand in the cold water for an hour.

15. [ŋ] PRODUCTION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- RfiBn9qPlM
Open your mouth fairly wide.
Place the back of your tongue against your soft palate, as though you were going to say the first sound of the word go.
Lower your soft palate, produce voice, and let the air and sound leave through your nose.

16. [ŋ] Sample: I think that singing is a good exercise for your tongue.
Spellings:
Ng as in sing n as in think
Nc as in anchor n as in anxious
Ngue as in tongue

17. Contrast drill [n] and [ŋ]
[n] [ŋ] thin thing ban bang win wing gone gong sun sung

18. Contrast drill [ŋk] and [ŋ]
[ŋk] [ŋ] think thing brink bring rank rang rink ring hank hang

19. Production rules Use [ŋ] when the word end in ng. Example: sing
Use [ŋ] when the ng or another suffix is added to a root word. Example: singing
Use [ŋ] + [g] when the ng is in the middle of the original word. Example: finger
Exceptions: Use [ŋ] + [g] in the superlative and comparative forms of certain words such as: long, longer, longest; strong, stronger, strongest; young, younger, youngest.
Note: nge is not pronounced [ŋ] but [ndʒ] as in lunge. Example: arrange, sponge, change.

20. Contrast [ŋ] + [g] and [ŋ]
[ŋ] + [g] [ŋ] linger singer language bringing hunger hanger finger flinging

21. Practice words [ŋ]
Middle Middle End End Length gangster strong asking Singer hanger among king Ringed tongs tongue wrong Things hangman staying icing

22. Page 178
Level 2 practice words

23. Practice sentences Thanks for taking my change to the bank.
English vowels are longer than Spanish vowels.
She’s staying later for the dancing.
I don’t have the strength to go jogging.

24. On your own List 5 words using the [m] sound.
List 5 words using the [n] sound.
List 5 words using the [ŋ] sound.

25. Let’s practice What sounds do you hear in the following words?
Malicious
Natalie
Tongue
Now
Mall
Sting
Jinx
Magnificent
Never
Finger

26. Next time
Glides

27. Glides
[ʍ, w], [r], [j]

28. Whip around What has been the hardest part learning the IPA so far?
Be prepared to share aloud.

29. Quick review
List the plosives.
List the fricatives.
List the nasals.

30. Let’s stretch
Body
Face
Voice
Page 183 Challenge Material

31. Production of [M]
Round your lips and purse them. Raise the back of your tongue toward the soft palate, but don’t let it touch. Keep your mouth slightly open.
Blow air out of your mouth with enough force to make an audible rush of air.
As you create the sound, open your mouth slightly. Keep this sound short and don’t add voice.

32. Production of [w] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MpDb-gTipY
Round your lips and purse them. Raise the back of your tongue toward the soft palate, but don’t let it touch. Keep your mouth slightly open.
Blow air out of your mouth with enough force to make an audible rush of air.
As you create the sound, open your mouth slightly. Keep this sound short and don’t add voice.
Add voice as soon as you purse your lips.
Continue to voice it as your lips open slightly.

33. [ʍ, w] Sample [ʍ]: The wheel of the whetstone whirred.
Sample [w]: Wanda dropped one of the watches in the liquid.
Spellings [ʍ]: Spellings[w]:
wh as in where w as in wet
w after [t] in twelve o as in one
u after [k] in quit u as in liquid

34. Contrast [ʍ] and [w]
[ʍ] [w] where wear whale wail whine wine whirred word whey way

35. Practice words [w]
Beginning Beginning Middle Middle wake wash awake quack window walk reward quiz woods with everyone backward wide woods quiet seaweed welcome weak highway dwindle

36. Page 182
Let’s read aloud Practice words.

37. [ʍ] words Where Which Whether Whale Whine Whirred Whetstone While Whey
when

38. Practice sentences [ʍ] and [w]
We awoke while the wives of the highway workers wondered whether the weather could worsen.
The weird tightrope walker was worried about when and where he was to work.
“Which witch is the one working weirdly in Ipswich on Wednesdays?” queried the quack.
The quiet woman squeezed water out of the seaweed without a backward glance seaward.
It is unwise to reward windows of White House workers who wickedly wield weapons to bushwhack their spouses.

39. Production for [r] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exUcp YrZotc
Open your mouth slightly. Protrude your lips just a bit.
Raise the tip of your tongue to a point slightly behind the gum ridge, but don’t make contact. At the same time, spread the sides of your tongue so that they touch the upper side teeth. You don’t want air to escape from the sides of your mouth.
Produce voice.

40. [r] Sample: The red ferry went in the wrong direction. Spellings:
r as in red rr as in ferry
rh as in rhythm wr as in wrong

41. Contrast [r] and [l]
[r] [l] reef leaf raw law right light fry fly pray play

42. Contrast [v] and [r]
[v] [r] vice rice van ran heaven heron divide deride cleaver clearer

43. Practice words
Beginning Middle End red direct chair room borrow tour round very there rain arrow war wrote hurry near

44. [pr], [br], [gr], [kr]
[pr] [br] [gr] [kr] preach bridge grinder crash oppress bride congress secret april abrupt telegraph concrete improve celebrate gracious crumb prepare breeze groggy crude

45. [fr], [tr], [dr]
[fr] [tr] [dr] front tribe drum afraid trend drive defraud mattress hundred freeze attractive address affront trash dream

46. Practice
Turn to page 190.
Let’s read together.

47. Practice sentences He hurried to borrow the carfare.
The rain poured down at a rate of one inches per hour.
She rang the bells without very much care.
He was firm believer in law and order.

48. Production for [j] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhqGU1W xOfc
Open your mouth slightly.
Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth.
Raise the front of your tongue toward the hard palate. Keep the tip in place behind your lower front teeth and pull your lips slightly back.
Produce voice and let your tongue and lips glide to the position of the next sound. Don’t let any air out your nose.

49. pronunciation and omission
Even native American Standard English speakers confuse when to use [j] when represented by any letter other than y. The general rule is that [j] is used after consonant sounds such as [k, b, f, v, h, p]:
For example: cu as in cupid
eau as in beauty
e as in few
ie as in view
pu as in putrid

50. [j] Sample: Yes. In my opinion that view is familiar. Spellings:
y as in yes io as in opinion
ie as in view u as in use
e as in few ia as in familiar
j as in hallelujah

51. Contrast [j] and [dʒ ]
[j] [dʒ ] yet jet yoke joke year jeer use juice yam jam

52. Practice words
Beginning Beginning Middle Middle Year yes figure royalty Unit yellow usual senior Universe yield beyond employer Yard yogurt million reduce Youth university popular cute

53. Page 196
Practice words aloud.

54. Practice sentences They sold millions of lemon yellow units.
High-yield onion seeds are grown in Utah.
Yes, you can use the yacht tonight.
I tried to communicate with the cute senior.
Bakers use egg yolks by the yard.

55. On your own List 5 words using each sound that we learned today.
Be prepared to share one word for each sound aloud to the class.
[M]
[w]
[r]
[j]

56. Pop quiz Year Yield Rather Midweek Yes While Wiser Birthday When Glory
Wow
Where

57. Lateral and affricates
[l], [tʃ], [dʒ ]

58. Whip around Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
Be prepared to share aloud.

59. Quick review List the nasals. List the glides.
Identify the IPA sounds:
Quick
Quiet
Quiz
Where
Wet
Liquid

60. stretch
Body
Face
Voice
Page 212

61. Production of [l]
Place the tip of your tongue against your upper gum ridge.
Open your mouth wide enough to slip the tip of your finger between your teeth.
Keep the sides of the tongue down.
Produce voice. Don’t let any air through your nose.
-nKw

62. Special problems Substitution of [w] for [l] Uvular production of [l]
Excessive “darkening” of the [l] by raising the back of the tongue rather than the tip.

63. Production: ‘Clear’ vs. ‘Dark’
The [l] sound has two pronunciations: ‘clear’ and ‘dark.’ Here are the rules:
Clear – This occurs when the [l] spelling is at the beginning of a word or immediately after a beginning consonant. Example: Let
Dark- This occurs when the back of the tongue is slightly muffled. Example: Ball

64. [l] Sample: Laura left the yellow pillow in the hall. Spellings:
l as in left ll as in pillow
ln as in kiln

65. Contrast ‘clear’ and ‘dark’
‘Clear’ ‘Dark’ let tell lip pill lean kneel led deal light tile

66. Contrast [r] and [l]
[r] [l] reed lead rise lies fry fly graze glaze brew blue

67. Practice words
Beginning Middle End let eleven mill lawn alike fell lunch balloon feel link garlic dimple leaves filling apple

68. [tl], [dl], [nl]
[tl] [dl] [nl] petal pedal channel bottle paddle panel little muddle funnel settle middle kennel rattle candle arsenal

69. Let’s practice aloud Turn to page 203 in your textbook.
Level 3 practice words.

70. Practice sentences I heard the shrill call of the owl.
The plank started to curl in the moist climate.
Let’s call from Long Island.
While I waited for you, I located a dollar bill.

71. production
[tʃ] and [dʒ ] are cognate sounds. [tʃ] is voiceless and [dʒ ] is voiced. They are affricate sounds because they are produced by blocking off the breath stream between the tongue and the gum ridge. The yare essentially a combination of a plosive and a fricative.
[tʃ] is the combination of [t] and [ʃ].
[dʒ ] is the combination of [d] and [ʒ].

72. Production [tʃ] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SreswdXl Ak
Open your mouth slightly.
Place the tip of your tongue against the gum ridge, and lift the sides to touch the teeth, as though you were going to make the sound [t].
Build up air pressure.
Release the air pressure very suddenly, but onlky allow a very small portion of your tongue tip to leave the gum ridge. Although you started with [t], you’ll finish with [ʃ].

73. Production [dʒ ] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqL9ivPb0 9A
Open your mouth slightly.
Place the tip of your tongue against the gum ridge, and lift the sides to touch the teeth, as though you were going to make the sound [t]. Produce voice.
Build up air pressure.
Release the air pressure very suddenly, but onlky allow a very small portion of your tongue tip to leave the gum ridge. Although you started with [t], you’ll finish with [ʃ].

74. [tʃ], [dʒ ] Sample [tʃ]: The kitchen chair had a natural wood.
Sample [dʒ]: The judge sat the on the edge of his seat as heard the soldier accuse the gypsy.
Spellings [tʃ]: Spellings [dʒ]:
ch as in chair j as in judge du as in gradual
tch as in kitchen g as in gypsy di as in cordial
tu as un natural dg as in edge ge as in George
ti as in question dj as in adjective
c as in cello d as in soldier
te as righteous gg as in exaggerate

75. Contrast [tʃ] AND [dʒ ]
[tʃ] [dʒ ] choke joke riches ridges cheap jeep batches badges chin gin

76. Contrast [tʃ] AND [ʃ]
[tʃ] [ʃ] chop shop chore shore watched washed witching wishing chew shoe

77. Practice words [tʃ]
Beginning Middle End Chime teaching beach Chowder coaching inch Children bachelor grouch Chocolate actual ranch Charm fracture porch

78. Let’s practice aloud
Turn to page 208.
Level 2 practice words.

79. Contrast [dʒ ] AND [j]
[dʒ ] [j] joke yoke jaw yaw jet yet jewel yule juice use

80. Practice words [dʒ ]
Beginning Middle End Gender digit damage Gem magic badge Join major fudge Jealous fragile collage Jelly dodged bridge

81. Let’s practice aloud
Turn to page 210.
Level 2 practice words.

82. Practice sentences for both sounds
He majored in lunch at college.
Charley was known to exaggerate his courage.
Jane lost her gold chains and engagement ring.
I suggested that the children chew more quietly.

83. On your own Provide 5 sample words for the [l] sound.
Provide 5 sample words for the [tʃ] sound.
Provide 5 sample words for the [dʒ ] sound.

84. Next Time
Review for midterms
Chapter 8 Quiz