Animal Farm essay tips For comrades!.

Animal Farm essay tips For comrades!

Content and Suggestions
Rubric Review Hooks and Introductions Evidence and Embedding Review Transitions Suggestions, order: MLA format organized, checked Type these: Thesis Pieces of evidence you know you’ll use Body thesis statements (topic sentences) Hook Analysis and conclusions

Sample thesis In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses indirect characterization of the pigs to illustrate the dangers of authoritarianism, revealing that honesty is less powerful than greed. Arguable Specific important

Sample thesis In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses indirect characterization of the hardest workers to illustrate the horror of totalitarianism, revealing that honesty is less powerful than greed. Arguable Specific important

Sample thesis In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses similes to illustrate the horror of totalitarianism, revealing that honesty is less powerful than greed. Arguable Specific important

In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the usage of strict tone through Napoleon demonstrates dominance revealing that negative power leads to regret and mistrust. Napoleon doesn’t like it when something doesn’t go his way or if someone doesn’t respect him as a leader. He then uses his power for granted by choosing violence.

In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, the usage of strict tone through Napoleon demonstrates dominance revealing that negative power leads to regret and mistrust. THE (SYNONYM FOR) STRICT TONE IS ESTABLISHED AS SOON AS POWER IS ESTABLISHED ON THE FARM. Napoleon doesn’t like it when something doesn’t go his way or if someone doesn’t respect him as a leader. He then uses his power for granted by choosing violence.

You can incorporate material from the text(s) into your own writing by …
Quoting - use the exact words of the author(s). When quoting you usually place the words in quotation marks (“…”) Paraphrasing – putting the information in your own words Summarizing - express the main points of when it is someone else's opinion, theory or information. When you incorporate the work of others in your writing you must always reference your sources. © Unitec New Zealand

When a reference isn’t required
When you include information that is: general knowledge (e.g. that Barrack Obama is the President of the U.S.A.) information that is common knowledge in your field ideas that are definitely your own, and findings or insights from your own research © Unitec New Zealand

Use Figurative Language
Narrate a Personal Experience State Your Opinion Hooking the Reader Use a Definition Use a Quote From a Famous Person Make a Bold Or Challenging Statement Ask a Question ????????

Make your writing a page-turner!
The lead (beginning or introduction) establishes the direction your writing will take. A good lead grabs your reader's attention and refuses to let go. In other words, it hooks the reader.

Get the reader’s attention Present your topic and purpose
REMEMBER THE RULE OF 3! Your introduction should have at least 3 concise and clear sentences. You should accomplish 3 things with your introduction: Get the reader’s attention Present your topic and purpose Connect with your audience

Examples of general statement introduction
Almost every time that you turn on the television you will find a number of shows which are extremely violent. Many public schools have decided that their students should use uniforms. In the United States of America the public burning of our flag has become a common sight. (These are three different example of how you can begin your paragraph. If you will notice in the first sentence you simply introduce the topic. You do not state your position yet.)

Quotation introduction
A recent article in Time magazine states that the viewing of extremely violent television shows is the number one cause of violence in our inner cities. The Monitor recently conducted a study and concluded that students in public schools where uniforms are mandatory have less problems and perform better academically. A recent article in The Austin Statesman states that most Americans are very much against flag burning in public and are in favor of passing a law banning this activity. (Finally, you can begin an essay by providing some information from a magazine or newspaper you might have read. This introduction is a bit more difficult to write, but just as effective as the other ones.)

General statement introduction
Today smoking is an issue which is on everybody’s mind. The whole country is divided on this issue. Some people believe that smoking should be banned everywhere while others are not so harsh. However, I believe that tobacco should be outlawed because smoking endangers everyone’s health, pollutes the environment, and drains us of valuable energy.( 57) Topic introduced Lead in to thesis Notice that the introduction has three parts. First, you introduce the topic. Then in one or two sentences you lead in to your position and reasons which is the third part, the thesis sentence. Also note that the thesis is stated in one sentence, both position and reasons. Thesis sentence

Quotation introduction
In The Monitor it was recently stated that smoking is the greatest threat to our health. The whole country is divided on this issue. Tobacco should be outlawed because it endangers everyone’s health; it pollutes the environment, and it drains of valuable resources. (49) Topic introduced Lead-in to thesis Thesis sentence

Use a Personal Experience
I walked into the cold, white room on April 23, The beeping of the machines echoed immensely in my head and I knew that noise would haunt me for the rest of my life. I walked in further to join my family that stood beside the bed. I hung my head in grief and through tears got one last look.

OPEN WITH A QUOTATION Open with a quotation that is well-known (but be sure to put quotation marks around it). You can also use a quotation from someone that is not famous. It could be from a song, movie, or one of your own.

Examples of Famous Quotes
“A penny saved is a penny earned.” –Benjamin Franklin “All that glitters is not gold.” – Shakespeare Student Example: John F. Kennedy once said, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." I think today's Americans have forgotten Kennedy's message. We expect our country to take care of us, but we are not taking care of our country.

Famous Quotes Continued…
Collect as many quotes as possible from your discussion. Arrange your quotes thematically and use examples in your next writing assignment Note: Refer to websites on famous quotations

Use Figurative Language to Hook Your Reader
“Time flies when you are having fun!”

Begin with a simile - Comparison using
“like” or “as” Begin with a metaphor - Comparison stating one thing is another thing Begin with personification (or anthropomorphism) - Give non living objects human characteristics

Mississippi is the red-headed step-child
Example: Mississippi is the red-headed step-child of Hurricane Katrina. How do you ask? The loss of life and property in this gulf state have almost been completely forgotten by the rest of the country.

Additional Examples: Tardies have overtaken our schools like cancer. (simile) Tardies have become the pimple on our school’s otherwise clear complexion. (metaphor) The bell screams for the students to return to class but his calls are left unanswered. (personification)

Get the reader’s attention Present your topic and purpose
REMEMBER THE RULE OF 3! Write 3 clear sentences Get the reader’s attention Present your topic and purpose Connect with your audience

Make a Bold Statement The introductions in this section will deal
with speaking your mind, making a bold statement to emphasize your position.

A bold and challenging statement is similar to an
announcement, but is meant to cause some people to disagree with what you say. It's like one side of an argument. It can be an opinion, but don't immediately state that it is your opinion. Example: Using horses and cattle in the sport of rodeo is animal abuse. What makes it more aggravating is that it is legal. According to the law, there is nothing wrong with chasing an animal down, tightening a rope around its neck, knocking it to the ground, and tying its legs together so it cannot move.

MAKE A BOLD STATEMENT Making a bold or strong statement can get the reader’s attention. Making a bold statement also sets the tone for your essay and establishes you as someone who has clear and concise thoughts.

"It's time we faced the facts of the matter
"It's time we faced the facts of the matter. They have been gassed, poisoned, starved and sterilized. Yet, they still thrive today in vast numbers and are multiplying at alarming rates. If we do not fight back, they could take over the world! I deeply regret to inform you the Orkin man did not accomplish his mission. I'm talking about cockroaches!"

As you can see, “hooking the reader” is the key to success in writing!
BUT…. Don’t forget the following tips

Tip #1 Do NOT use the following phrases:
“In this essay…” “I am going to tell you about…” “I will write about…” “The first reason is…” “The second reason is…”

Tip #2 Don’t bump into trees along the way

Tip #4 - Know Your Strengths

Tip #6 – Always Remember! Hooking the Viewer = Hooking the Reader!

DON”T FORGET! Do NOT use the following phrases:

Wordiness You may often find that there are a number of words contained in your writing that can be safely eliminated without any kind of danger to your meaning whatsoever. X © Unitec New Zealand

You may often find that there are a number of words contained in your writing that can be safely eliminated without any kind of danger to your meaning whatsoever. (Beer & McMurrey, 2005, p. 34) Beer, D., & McMurrey, D. (2005). A guide to writing as an engineer (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. © Unitec New Zealand

Be careful not to use redundant phrases For example:
Alternative choices – alternatives Actual experience – experience ‘Various differences” (Various implies difference so you do not need both words) Avoid starting sentences with linking words Such as but, and or yet. Beer, D., & McMurrey, D. (2005). A guide to writing as an engineer (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons © Unitec New Zealand

What is a transition? Bridges parts of your paper together
Helps you (writer) carry over a thought from one sentence to another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another with words or phrases Guides the reader to interpret ideas the way you (as a writer) want them to Point B Point A

What is a transition? Transitions link sentences and paragraphs together smoothly…. so there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas

Types of Transitions Some lead the reader forward to “build”
on an idea or thought Others make your reader compare or draw conclusions from preceding thoughts There are several types of transitional devices; each leads your reader to make certain connections or assumptions about the areas you’re connecting

Types of Transitions A transition can be A single word A phrase
A sentence An entire paragraph All function the same way  a transition either directly summarizes the content of a preceding sentence, section, etc., or it helps the reader anticipate or comprehend NEW information that you’re going to present.

Transition Placement Between Sections Between Paragraphs
In longer works, it may be necessary to include transitional paragraphs that summarize for the reader what was just covered and specify how it connects to what is going to be covered next. Between Paragraphs If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence.

Example of Paragraph Transitions

Transition Placement Within Paragraphs:
As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.

Transitions – To Add These words signify that you’re elaborating on an idea in your writing: And, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what’s more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) Example: Friends is a television show about six friends. It shows how relationships are often complicated. Friends is a television show about six friends. Furthermore, it shows how relationships are often complicated.

Transitions – To Compare
These words signify you’re comparing a previous idea to a new one in your paper, or describing two different things: Whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true… Example: Ross and Rachel are dating. Ross and Monica are siblings. Ross and Rachel are dating. However, Ross and Monica are siblings.

Transitions – To Prove Use these words to indicate support for your argument: Because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is… Example: Monica loves food. She is a chef. Monica loves food. In fact, she is a chef.

Transitions – To Show Exception
These words help you move to an idea that counters an earlier idea Yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes… Example: Phoebe acts unintelligently. She has some of the smartest observations. Phoebe acts unintelligently. Yet, she has some of the smartest observations.

Transitions – To Show Time
When telling events in a chronological sequence, these words help make the order clear: Immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then… Example: Ross and Rachel get married. They get a divorce. They have a baby. First, Ross and Rachel get married. Soon after, they get a divorce. Then, they have a baby.

Transitions – To Repeat
These types of transitional devices help remind the reader what you have mentioned before: In brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted… Example: Ross and Rachel have a crazy relationship. As has been shown, Ross and Rachel have a crazy relationship.

Transitions – To Emphasize
Emphasis words do just that – serve to emphasize points that you want the reader to really be aware of and understand: Definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation… Example: Ross has been married three times. Ross likes to get married. Ross has been married three times. Obviously, Ross likes to get married.

Transitions – To Show Sequence or “Results”
If there is no clear order or you’re writing that one idea causes another, use the following words: First, second, third, and so forth, next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon… Example: Joey went to film a movie in Las Vegas. Ross and Rachel got married. Joey went to film a movie in Las Vegas. At this time, Ross and Rachel got married.

Transitions – To Give an Example
Words such as these clearly indicate when you’re giving an example to support yourself: For example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration… Example: Joey does not share food. He will not even share with Emma, Rachel’s baby. Joey does not share food. For example, he will not even share with Emma, Rachel’s baby.

Transitions – To Summarize or Conclude
When trying to summarize your points, using these words clearly signals your intent: In brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole… Example: Friends shows the lives of six friends. It shows how they interact with each other. Friends shows the lives of six friends. Consequently, it shows how they interact with each other.

Transitions: Repeating Key Words
Transitions don’t always have to be one of these “signal” words; they can also be words that you have used before to remind the reader of what you are talking about Example: Friends is about six friends who remain loyal to each other despite all of the issues that come up in their lives. Because of the loyalty Friends portrays, many people are attracted to the show.

Sources Information courtesy of:
Purdue OWL: Transitional Devices (Connecting Words)– Standout Essays Writing Tutorial: Creating Smooth Transitions – The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Transitions –

Transition Exercises George Bernard Shaw wrote a series of maxims beginning with four that define one of the most ancient of these forms of advice—the Golden Rule. Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same. Never resist temptation. Prove all things. Hold fast that which is good. Do not love your neighbor as yourself. If you are on good terms with yourself it is an impertinence; If on bad, an injury. The golden rule is that there are no golden rules

As maxims, these sentences work because we add transitions Shaw leaves out. Let's make an essay out of them by adding transitional words and phrases. Two forms of the Golden Rule have surfaced through the years—the negative and the positive. The negative form advises that we should not treat others in ways we would not want to be treated. If something is a pain to you, this negative Golden Rule advises us not to inflict that treatment on others. The positive form advises that we should treat others the way we like to be treated. If something is pleasurable to you, you should treat others to its pleasure. In his first maxim, Shaw advised against the latter, but he would probably also disagree with the former negative phrasing statement. He advised that we resist the temptation to do unto others as we would that they do unto us because our tastes might differ.

Shaw further advised that we need to use temptation rather than resist it. He said: "Never resist temptation. Prove all things. Hold fast that which is good." By testing our impulses scientifically, we might better learn which of our whims might actually lead to self improvement. In other words, by experimenting, we can discover the truth. Only then, can we learn to follow the better of our angels rather than those that make us worse. In this way, we can learn about our real rather than our imagined strengths and weaknesses.

Due to this constant learning process, Shaw did not think we automatically know what is best for ourselves. Writing during the earliest phase of modern psychology, Shaw knew that some of us are uncomfortable being the way we are. He gave two reasons for advising that we should not love our neighbor as ourselves. The first was that if we love ourselves, we might act impertinently or overly familiar to those not ready with such familiarity. The second, was that if we do not love ourselves, we might injure others by treating them as badly as we treat ourselves. For instance, we may like smoking, but our neighbor may not enjoy us blowing smoke in his face. Shaw said: "Do not love your neighbor as yourself. If you are on good terms with yourself, it is an impertinence. If on bad, an injury." Shaw shows how an innocent ideal rule can lead to trouble.

Rather than injure each other with such an easily misunderstood ideal, he advised that we forget the Golden Rule, saying that "the Golden Rule is that there are no golden rules." The dangers of misapplying similar ideals in the shape of rules were clear to Shaw, and the logic of his conclusions is clear and compelling. We should test our ideals and rules rather than accept them naively.

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