1. MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME

2. if the DNA codons are CAT CAT CAT, and a guanine base is added at the beginning, then what type of mustation would result?

3. Explain what a gene/point mutation is

4. 3. Mutations can be: (a) random. (b) beneficial. (c) lethal
3. Mutations can be:     (a) random.     (b) beneficial.     (c) lethal.     (d) heritable.     (e) all of the above.

5. A frameshift mutation could result from: (a) a base insertion only
A frameshift mutation could result from:     (a) a base insertion only.     (b) a base deletion only.     (c) a base substitution only.     (d) deletion of three consecutive bases.     (e) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

6. Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?     (a) a base substitution     (b) a base deletion near the start of the coding sequence     (c) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence

7. Which of these statements could be a common misconception regarding point mutations?     (a) They involve changes in one base pair.     (b) They can cause drastic changes in polypeptide structure.     (c) They always produce a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

8. Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of which kind of mutation
Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of which kind of mutation?     (a) point mutation only     (b) frameshift mutation only     (c) nondisjunction only     (d) b and c, but not a

9. Using the genetic code table, identify a possible sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phenylalanine-Proline-Lysine.     (1) AAA-GGG-UUU     (2) TTC-CCC-AAG     (3) TTT-CCA-AAA     (4) AAG-GGC-TTC     (5) UUU-CCC-AAA

10. Which of the following mutations would still allow protein X to be functional?
a. a missense mutation in the third codon of gene x
b. a silent mutation in the third codon of gene x
c. a nonsense mutation in the third codon of gene x
d. a frameshift mutation in the third codon of gene x

11. Gene mutations can be caused by:
Viruses
Radiation
Chemicals
All of the above

12. If the DNA strand reads ACTGCA, and is now read as ACGGCA, what type of mutation has occurred in this strand?

13. If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence
a. the resulting protein will not be affected
b. the phenotype will change but not the genotype
c. the resulting protein will be too short and non-functional
d. the resulting protein will be too long and non-functional

14. A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication
a. causes one amino acid of the protein to be incorrect
b. causes all of the amino acids of the protein to be incorrect
c. causes the amino acids inserted after the deletion to be incorrect
d. causes the amino acids inserted before the deletion to be incorrect
e. has no effect on the resulting protein

15. Which of the following would be the complementary strand to this section of DNA - ATTCATACG, if a single substitution mutation occurs?
a. UAAGUAUGC
b. TATGAATGC
c. TAAGTATGG

16. What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome is removed and the chromosome pieces remaining re-join?
a. Inversion
b. Deletion
c. Translocation

17. What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome rotates and all the chromosome pieces re-join?
a. Inversion
b. Duplication
c. Translocation

18. What is William’s Syndrome?
a. a disease that all people named William have
b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities
c. a virus found only in South America
d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

19. What is another name for Down’s Syndrome?
a. haemophilia
b. Trisomy 21
c. Klinefelters
d. Trisomy 23

20. Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following?
a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc.
b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation
c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria
d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

21. Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome?
a. Not enough people are affected by it
b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous
c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome
d. because it is easily treatable

22. Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome?
a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy
b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist
c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated
d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

23. Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis?
a. Caucasian
b. Hispanic
c. African –American
d. Asian

24. What is Cystic Fibrosis?
a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria
b. sets of fibers in muscles
c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus
d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing

25. Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder; a son can get Hemophilia if he inherits……
a. two normal XY chromosomes; Hemophilia normally arises spontaneously.
b. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his mother
c. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his father
d. the recessive gene for blood clotting from both his mother and father

26. What is progeria?
a. a disease that affects chromosome 14, and creates odd cat like vocalizations
b. a type of protein made inside of cells that is responsible for pigment formation
c. an enzyme that breaks down the sugar progase
d. a very rare genetic disorder that causes premature aging

27. What does the term “Mosaic Down Syndrome” mean?
a. two distinct cell groupings, in which some cells have 46 chromosomes, and some cells have 47 chromosomes
b. when the 23rd chromosome pairs with the 12th chromosome
c. when the 21st chromosome splits into two cells
d. chromosome 17 is missing a pair

28. What is Cystic Fibrosis?
a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria
b. sets of fibers in muscles
c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus
d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing

29. Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis?
a. Caucasian
b. Hispanic
c. African –American
d. Asian

30. Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome?
a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy
b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist
c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated
d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

31. Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following?
a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc.
b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation
c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria
d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

32. What is William’s Syndrome?
a. a disease that all people named William have
b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities
c. a virus found only in South America
d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

33. Which of the following types of Albinism is the most common?
a. oculocutaneous b. x-linked c. hermansky-pudlak d. chediak-higashi

34. What causes the symptoms of Albinism?
a. the lack of sunlight and uv rays
b. a defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin
c. too much exposure to uv light from the sun
d. all of the above

35. A person with achondroplasia will have a mutation of the FGFR3 gene, what does this gene code for?
a. growth maintenance
b. hormone production
c. cell repair
d. digestion

36. If obesity is a possible symptom of achondroplasia, which of the following could be a direct or indirect result of that?
a. breathing problems
b. nonstop bleeding
c. swelling of the eyeballs
d. abnormally small esophagus

37. What causes Klinefelter’s syndrome?
a. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a male
b. an extra Y chromosome in the cells of a male
c. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a female
d. the lack of one X chromosome in the cells of a female

38. . Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome?
a. Not enough people are affected by it
b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous
c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome
d. because it is easily treatable