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Imagery and Figurative Language
the representation through language of sense experience Senses: Seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, tasting Themes can be appealed to directly through music and rhythms but indirectly through imagery. Figurative Language saying something other than the ordinary way Why? Imagery within language provides the stimulation of ________________________ Words become less discrete as imagery makes the abstract more _______________ Imagery transforms boring statements into sentences that are emotionally _____________ Imagery alters exhaustive explanations into brief, concise and effective ______________
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Imagery Practice: Sight
bleary gleaming piercing blurred glimpse radiant brilliant glistening shadowy colorless glittering shimmering dazzling gloomy shiny dim glossy smudged dingy glowing sparkling faded grimy streaked faint hazy striped flashy indistinct tarnished gaudy misty twinkling glance peer
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Imagery Practice: Sound
bellow howl shriek blare hush shrill buzz jabber sizzle cackle mumble snarl cheer murmur squawk clamor mutter squeal clang rant swish crackle rave thud creak roar thump grumble rumble whimper gurgle rustle yelp hiss screech
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Imagery Practice: Touch
balmy fluffy prickly biting furry scratchy bristly fuzzy shivery bumpy gooey silky chilly greasy slimy coarse gritty slippery cold hairy smooth cool hot spongy crawly icy springy creepy limp squashy cuddly lumpy sticky dusty moist sweaty feathery oily velvety feverish powdery
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Imagery Practice: Taste
appetizing peppery stale bitter piquant sugary bland refreshing sweet creamy ripe tangy delectable rotten tasteless delicious salty tasty flavorful savory unappetizing flavorless scrumptious unripe gingery sharp vinegary luscious sour yummy nauseating spicy zesty palatable spoiled
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Imagery Practice: Smell
acrid odorless smell aroma old spicy aromatic perfumed steno fetid pungent sweet foul-smelling putrid waft fragrant rancid whiff moldy rank musty reeking odiferous scent odor scented
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Don’t Use Clichés Worksheet
Starter Cliché/Obvious Image Specific/Individual Image As white as… Snow the piercing glow of crackling bulbs in the chilly light fixture of the stale and musty cafeteria.
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Similes and Metaphors Both used as a means of comparing things that are essentially dissimilar Simile expressed by use of some word or phrase: like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems. “Simile” Scott Momaday “…we are as deer…” “The Taxi” Amy Lowell “The world beats dead/Like a slackened drum” “I Am Offering This Poem” Jimmy Santiago Baca “Keep it like a warm coat” Metaphor comparisons are not expressed but created when a figurative term is substituted for or identified with the literal term. (Take out like/as) “since feeling is first” E.E. Cummings “…for life’s not a paragraph” “And death I think is no parenthesis” May take 2 forms depending on literal or figurative terms Named or implied
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Personification, Anthropomorphism Zoomorphism
Personification: giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or a concept. Subtype of metaphor, implied comparison in which the figurative of the comparison is always human “Three Japanese Tankas” Ono Komachi “Since my heart placed me on board your drifting ship” Tree: stretch, dance, sway, drink, breath, groan Car: race, die, screech, hit, mutter, stop Snow: fall, dust, cover, collect Anthropomorphism: an interpretation of what is not human or personal in terms of human or personal characteristics Subtype of personification but specific to entire characters mostly Cars, Veggie tales, Zoomorphism: the conception or representation of deities in the form of animals
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Hyperbole or Overstatement
Hyperbole: exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Simply an exaggeration, but exaggeration in the service of truth. Not the same as a fish story. Not meant to be taken literally “I’m starved” “You could have knocked me over with a feather” “I’ll die if I don’t pass this course” May be used for various reasons: Humorous or grave Fanciful or restrained Convincing or unconvincing
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You and Me I wish you smelled a little funny Not just funny really bad We could roam the streets forever Just like cats but we’d never stray I sometimes wish you were a mermaid I could raise you in the tub at home We could take a swim together On weekly day trips to the bay
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You and Me Oh you and me It would be only you and me Oh you and me It would be only you and me
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You and Me I wish you were a little bigger Not just big but really fat Doors you would no longer fit through In my bed you would have to stay I often wish that you had feathers I’d keep you in a giant cage All day long I’d sit and watch you I’d sing for you and that would be okay
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You and Me Oh you and me It would be only you and me Oh you and me It would be only you and me
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You and Me I wish you were a little slower Not just slow but paralyzed Then I could plug you into a socket So you could never run away I really wish that you were smaller Not just small but really really short So I could put you in my pocket And carry you around all day
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Review with Plickers Simile Metaphor Hyperbole Personification
(Avoid Clichés!!!)
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Alliteration, Assonance and Consonance
Alliteration: is a literary device that uses sound to emphasize words or phrases by engaging a reader’s auditory senses. In alliteration, the repetition of consonant sounds is used at the beginning of two or more words in succession. The wicked witch of the west. Larry, like Laura, likes leaving late. Freezing frost in February Johnny jumped and jiggled. (Paper People) Consonance: the repetition in consonance occurs with the inner consonant sounds, or those at the ends of words, rather than the consonants at the beginning of the words in a phrase. He struck some good luck. Touch the peach on the beach. The big frog was on a log Assonance: the repetition occurs with the vowels inside the words, rather than the consonants. It is used to create internal rhyming within a phrase or sentence in a more subtle manner There was a rock in a box that was locked. The cat came back to attack the man.
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Allusion A reference to something in history or previous literature, like a richly connotative word or symbol, as means of suggesting far more that it says. Means of reinforcing the emotion or ideas of one’s own work with the emotion or ideas of another work or occasion. Vary widely in number of readers whom they will be familiar.
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Name that Allusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBo-n_17XU0
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Poem Writing #1 Please write a 12 line poem (minimum) that includes all of the following poetic devices. It can be written in free verse or it can rhyme. The only requirement is at least one example of the following figures of language. Try to allow your poem to depict an experience that is unique and individual to you as a person. Remember, no one has seen or experienced what you have! Simile Metaphor Personification Hyperbole Honors Only Include the following 4 as well Alliteration Assonance Consonance Allusion
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W. H. Auden: Musee des Beaux Arts
About suffering they were never wrong, The old Masters: how well they understood Its human position: how it takes place While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along; How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting For the miraculous birth, there always must be Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating On a pond at the edge of the wood: They never forgot That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse Scratches its innocent behind on a tree. In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry, But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green Water, and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky, Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.
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Thrice: Daedalus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En69pxwSs2I
I stand on the cliffs with my son next to me This island our prison, our home And everyday we look out at the sea This place is all he's ever known But I've got a plan and some wax and some string; some feathers I stole from the birds We leap from the cliff and we hear the wind sing a song that's too perfect for words But son, please keep a steady wing And know your the only one that means anything to me Steer clear of the sun, or you'll find yourself in the sea Now safely away, I let out a cry "We'll make the mainland by noon" But Icarus climbs higher still in the sky Maybe I've spoken too soon Oh son, please keep a steady wing And know your the only one that means anything to me Steer clear of the sun, or you'll find yourself in the sea Won't you look at your wings They're coming undone They're splitting at the seams Steer clear of the sun, for once won't you listen to me? O, Gods! Why is this happening to me? All I wanted was a new life for my son to grow up free And now you took the only thing that meant anything to me I will never fly again, I will hang up my wings O, Gods! Why is this happening to me? All I wanted was a new life for my son to grow up free And now you took the only thing that meant anything to me I will never fly again, I will hang up my wings! O, Gods!
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Poem writing exercise Come up with a concrete item that perhaps could contain symbolism (cup, tree, apple, mirror, dirt etc.) Title your poem with the item (e.g. The Cup) First line- Include personification without saying the item at all (e.g. It carries the hydration for life)Remember to choose a nice easy word to rhyme with at the end because we are going to try to keep AABB scheme throughout (no orange please!!!)When you complete your line pass it again. Second line- This time use a simile comparing it to something different using like, as, resembles, seems (e.g. It is like a train transporting its freight at night) Make sure you are rhyming life→night…at least consonance.
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Poem writing exercise Third line- This one doesn’t need to rhyme again but make sure you use an Onamonapia and Alliteration in this line. (e.g. Slurp! Slip! Slop! Sipping silently on sustenance) Fourth line- This one needs to rhyme with the last one and also include a metaphor (e.g. It is a remedy, a medicine and health’s greatest defense) Fifth and sixth lines- You get the picture!!! Be free with the last two lines!!!
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